Specific name

Abstract: The commercial tomato belongs to a species most frequently referred to as Lycopersicon esculentum Miller. The correct Latin name for this species has been the subject of much discussion which has not been fully resolved. The alternative names Solanum lycopersicum L., or Lycopersicon lycopersicum (L.) Karsten have appeared in the literature. Lycopersicon esculentum was first proposed for the tomato by Miller in 1768, replacing the earlier Linnean name Solanum lycopersicum. However, Karsten in 1900 suggested that Lycopersicon lycopersicum should be adopted. Under the rules of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature the original specific name ‘lycopersicum’ should have been retained following the creation of the new genus Lycopersicon. The arguments on either side have been most recently summarized by Broome, Terrell and Reveal (1983). These authors conclude that because of its long and popular usage, the name Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. should be preserved. This is the name which will be used throughout this chapter.

Abstract: Clarkia is a genus of Onagraceae which consists of about 30 annual species endemic to western North America except for one in South America. This paper is based upon a 6-year study of all of the North American species both in their natural habitats and in the experimental garden. Its purpose is to examine the morphological, cytogenetical, and ecological relationships within the genus at levels from those within a population to those which characterize distinct species, and to suggest means by which the observed pattern of differentiation and divergence has evolved. It reports results obtained from morphological and cytogenetical studies of all known species of the genus and an extensive program of hybridization. The genetical work of Hiorth (1940, 1941, 1942, 1947 and others), and the cytological work of H'akansson (1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1946, 1949 and others) on certain species, has been taken into account and is correlated with my own evidence. Most of the genetical and cytological studies in this group have appeared under the name Godetia. This genus is better considered congeneric with Clarkia for reasons which will appear elsewhere (Lewis and Lewis, unpub..). Namnes used by these authors are listed below with the synonyms used in this paper. This 'list does not include entities with the same specific name in both genera except where the names have been incorrectly applied.

Abstract: In order to devise a scheme for the identification and differentiation of agrobacteria, 50 strains of Agrobacterium, mostly those maintained in the National Collection of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria, were separated into four clusters when subjected to numerical taxonomic analysis. For the two major clusters, regardless of the phytopathogenic effect of the strains, we would adopt the species names A. tumefaciens and A. rhizogenes. A third cluster merits the use of the specific name A. rubi whilst a hitherto unrecognized fourth cluster of yellow-pigmented isolates may constitute a fourth species in the genus. The species name A. radiobacter is rejected as this species is synonymous with A. tumefaciens and the latter, being the type species of the genus, takes priority. To indicate the phytopathogenic effect of strains within our four Agrobacterium clusters we would use the terms: saprophytic state, tumourigenic state and rhizogenic state. Revised descriptions, without regard to phytopathogenic effect, are given for A. tumefaciens, A. rhizogenes and A. rubi.

Abstract: Linum usitatissimum, the specific name for flax within the family Linaceae, aptly describes its usefulness and versatility. In fact, the name Linum originated from the Celtic word lin or “thread,” and the name usitatissimum is Latin for “most useful” (Kolodziejczyk and Fedec, 1995). According to the Compact Oxford Dictionary, the old French word “linnet” means “the bird which hovers feeding on the seeds over flax fields.” The word “line” is derived from a Latin or Greek ancestor, linum, meaning “flax”; other words such as linen, lining, linear, and lineage are all derived from the word “line” (Judd, 1995). These ancient linguistic origins underscore the importance of flaxseed or linseed, as it is sometimes called, to the economic and social development of humans.