Specialized dictionary

Abstract: A system for creating an index of textual data stores textual data in memory, and a text analyzing module analyzes the textual data and divides it into a plurality of meaningful strings of characters, punctuation marks, symbols, control codes, etc. A dictionary stores sets of specialized words particular to a field of knowledge related to the textual data in a particular language. An entry selecting module selects as index entries only those strings which match one of those specialized words and notes the location(s) of each occurrence each index entry in the text. A printer outputs the selected index entries together with their occurrence positions. Each entry of the dictionary in the specialized field includes information concerning inflections and variants of that entry. The index is quickly and accurately generated by selecting index entries using a specialized dictionary relevant to a particular, specialized field. Since the selection of index entries is made by referring to such a dictionary, differences in criteria for selection used by different operators can be prevented. Since a specialized dictionary is prepared and updated for each field, the knowledge for generating an index is collected and shared by all the operators.

Abstract: A system for automatically proofreading a document for word use validation in a text processing system is provided by coupling a specialized dictionary of sets of homophones and confusable words to sets of di-gram and N-gram conditions whereby proper usage of the words can be statistically determined. A text document is reviewed word-by-word against a dictionary of homophones and confusable words. When a match occurs, the related list of syntactic rules is examined relative to the context of the subject homophone or confusable word. If the syntax in the immediate context of the homophone or confusable word conflicts with the prestored syntax rules, the homophone or confusable word is highlighted on the system display. The system then displays the definition of the highlighted word along with possible intended alternative forms and their respective definitions. The operator can examine the word used and the possible alternatives and make a determination as to whether an error has been made and if a correction of the text is required. If correction is required, the operator may cause the error word to be replaced by the desired word by positioning the display cursor under the desired word and depressing an appropriate key on the system keyboard.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for performing translation between different language are provided The present invention includes a translation system that performs translation having increased accuracy by providing a three-dimensional topical dual-language database The topical database includes a set of source-to-target language translations for each topic that the database is being used for In one embodiment, a user first selects the topic of conversation, then words spoken into a telephone are translated and produced as synthesized voice signals from another telephone so that a near real-time conversation may be had between two people speaking different languages An additional feature of the present invention is the addition of a computer terminal that displays the input and output phrases so that either user may edit the input phrases, or indicate that the translation was ambiguous and request a rephrasing of the material

Abstract: 1. Introduction: Nothing is more practical than a good theory (by Nielsen, Sandro) 2. Part I. The dictionary, dictionary structures and access routes 3. 1. Sinuous lemma files in printed dictionaries: Access and lexicographic functions (by Gouws, Rufus H.) 4. 2. Reviewing printed and electronic dictionaries: A theoretical and practical framework (by Nielsen, Sandro) 5. 3. Reflections on data access in lexicographic works (by Tarp, Sven) 6. 4. Hybrid text constituent structures of dictionary articles: A contribution to the expansion of the theory of textual dictionary structures (by Wiegand, Herbert Ernst) 7. Part II. Dictionary functions and users 8. 5. On production-oriented information in Swedish monolingual defining dictionaries (by Malmgren, Sven-Goran) 9. 6. Balancing the tools: The functional transformation of lexicographic tools for tourists (by Leroyer, Patrick) 10. Chapter 7. Lexicography and language planning in Scandinavia and the Netherlands (by Vikor, Lars S.) 11. Part III. Subject-field classification and introductions 12. 8. Subject-field classification of metalexicography revisited (by Svensen, Bo) 13. 9. Systematic introductions in specialised dictionaries: Some proposals in relation to accounting dictionaries (by Fuertes Olivera, Pedro A.) 14. Part IV. Data retrieval and corpus lexicography 15. 10. The role of corpora in future dictionaries (by Prinsloo, D. J.) 16. 11. Lexicographical data in natural-language systems (by Geeb, Franziskus) 17. Part V. Collocations and phraseology 18. 12. A methodology for describing collocations in a specialized dictionary (by L'Homme, Marie-Claude) 19. 13. Lexicographic description: An onomasiological approach on the basis of phraseology (by Jonsson, Jon Hilmar) 20. 14. Item-specific syntagmatic relations in dictionaries (by Herbst, Thomas) 21. 15. Henning Bergenholtz: Bibliovita (by Nielsen, Sandro) 22. Notes on contributors 23. Subject index