Topic
Specialization (logic)
About: Specialization (logic) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 165 publications have been published within this topic receiving 10643 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
Book•
30 Sep 1988
TL;DR: The kind and level of sophistication of mathematics applied in various sciences has changed drastically in recent years: measure theory is used (non-trivially) in regional and theoretical economics, algebraic geometry interacts with physics, and such new emerging subdisciplines as "experimental mathematics", "CFD", "completely integrable systems", "chaos, synergetics and large-scale order", which are almost impossible to fit into the existing classification schemes.
Abstract: Approach your problems from the right end It isn't that they can't see the solution It is and begin with the answers Then one day, that they can't see the problem perhaps you will find the final question G K Chesterton The Scandal of Father 'The Hermit Clad in Crane Feathers' in R Brown 'The point of a Pin' van Gulik's The Chinese Maze Murders Growing specialization and diversification have brought a host of monographs and textbooks on increasingly specialized topics However, the "tree" of knowledge of mathematics and related fields does not grow only by putting forth new branches It also happens, quite often in fact, that branches which were thought to be completely disparate are suddenly seen to be related Further, the kind and level of sophistication of mathematics applied in various sciences has changed drastically in recent years: measure theory is used (non-trivially) in regional and theoretical economics; algebraic geometry interacts with physics; the Minkowsky lemma, coding theory and the structure of water meet one another in packing and covering theory; quantum fields, crystal defects and mathematical programming profit from homotopy theory; Lie algebras are relevant to filtering; and prediction and electrical engineering can use Stein spaces And in addition to this there are such new emerging subdisciplines as "experimental mathematics", "CFD", "completely integrable systems", "chaos, synergetics and large-scale order", which are almost impossible to fit into the existing classification schemes They draw upon widely different sections of mathematics
7,010 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed an inductive theory of the open source software innovation process by focussing on the creation of Freenet, a project aimed at developing a decentralized and anonymous peer-to-peer electronic file sharing network.
986 citations
TL;DR: Analyzing data from multiple sources on the Freenet software development process, the constructs of "joining script", "specialization", "contribution barriers", and "feature gifts" are generated and relationships among these are proposed.
Abstract: This paper develops an inductive theory of the open source software innovation process by focusing on the creation of Freenet, a project aimed at developing a decentralized and anonymous peer-to-peer electronic file sharing network. We are particularly interested in the strategies and processes by which new people join the existing community of software developers and how they initially contribute code. Analyzing date from multiple sources on the Freenet software development process, we generate the constructs of "joining script", "specialization", "contribution barriers", and "feature gifts", and propose relationships among these. Implications for theory and research are discussed.
802 citations
TL;DR: Computational experiments indicate that Cascade's learning mechanisms are jointly sufficient to reproduce the self-explanation effect, and a computer model is described, Cascade, that accounts for these findings.
Abstract: Several investigators have taken protocols of students learning sophisticated skills, such as physics problem solving and LISP coding, by studying examples and solving problems. These investigations uncovered the self-explanation effect: Students who explain examples to themselves learn better, make more accurate self-assessments of their understanding, and use analogies more economically while solving problems. We describe a computer model, Cascade, that accounts for these findings. Explaining an example causes Cascade to acquire both domain knowledge and derivational knowledge. Derivational knowledge is used analogically to control search during problem solving. Domain knowledge is acquired when the current domain knowledge is incomplete and causes an impasse. If the impasse can be resolved by applying an overly general rule, then a specialization of the rule becomes a new domain rule. Computational experiments indicate that Cascade's learning mechanisms are jointly sufficient to reproduce the self-expl...
351 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the evolution of the US technology/knowledge space over the time period 1975-2005 and investigated the character of knowledge cores within US cities, finding that patents increasingly cluster within technology classes that are located close to one another in technology space.
Abstract: The accumulation of knowledge is a key driver of technological change and economic growth. Significant attention has been directed to the processes of knowledge production in a spatial context, but little attention has been given to the type of knowledge produced within specific places. The objectives of the present study are to map the US technology/knowledge space, to examine the evolution of that space over the time period 1975–2005, and to investigate the character of knowledge cores within US cities. The knowledge space is based on the proximity of technology classes, utilizing measures derived from co-classification information contained in patent documents. Results show that over time, patents increasingly cluster within technology classes that are located close to one another in technology space. They also reveal considerable heterogeneity in measures of technological specialization across US metropolitan areas. In general, smaller cities tend to display higher levels of knowledge relatedness, oft...
293 citations
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2021 | 5 |
| 2020 | 2 |
| 2019 | 7 |
| 2018 | 5 |
| 2017 | 5 |
| 2016 | 5 |