Solidago multiradiata

Abstract: This article updates the treatment of the genus Botrychium Swartz (Grape Ferns and Moonworts) in Arizona and provides a key and illustrations as an aid to their identification. The most recently published key including all the species of Botrychium found in Arizona is that in the monographic treatment of the Ophioglossaceae by Clausen (1938). Four species of Botrychium have been reported previously from Arizona: B. lanceolatum, B. lunaria (San Francisco Peaks), B. multifidum (White Mountains), and B. virginianum (Santa Rita Mountains) (Maxon, 1942; Phillips, 1946-1947; Morton, 1951). The examination of extensive field collections of botrychiums in Arizona and of specimens in five Arizona herbaria (ARIZ, ASC, ASU, ASUF, and MNA) has revealed additional records for the State. All specimens examined by me are cited in the following checklist. Three additional specimens cited by previous authors but not examined by me are also included. Botrychium boreale, B. dissectum f. obliquum, and B. dusenii are reported here as new to Arizona. Second localities within the State for B. lanceolatum, B. lunaria, and B. multifidum are based upon collections from the White Mountains. These reports for the three taxa new to Arizona represent considerable range extensions for each species. Botrychium boreale was previously known only as far south as northern Nevada (Cronquist et al., 1972), northern Utah (Flowers, 1944), and northern Colorado (Weber, 1966), over 600 km north of the Arizona localities. This report of B. dissectum f. obliquum represents a westward range extension of 1370 km from known stations in eastern Kansas (Petrik-Ott, 1975). I have examined a collection of B. dusenii from Charleston Peak, Clark County, Nevada (Clokey & Ely in 1937, ASU), which is about 300 km west of the San Francisco Peaks locality. The richest areas in Arizona for botrychiums are the two highest mountains, the San Francisco Peaks and Mount Baldy (Fig. 8). On the San Francisco Peaks, botrychiums are quite common from 2900 to 3550 m elevation. They are most plentiful in the meadows of the Inner Basin (2900-3100 m), where B. boreale, B. dusenii, B. lunaria, and B. lanceolatum occur together. The meadows are surrounded by a spruce-aspen forest. Large logs (presumably the result of a forest fire many years ago) are scattered over the undulating, rocky terrain. Juniperus communis, Lonicera involucrata, and Ribes sp. are common shrubs. Herbaceous angiosperms include Anemone globosa, Arenaria fendleri, Carex spp., Castilleja linariifolia, Fragaria ovalis, Lathyrus arizonicus, Poafendleriana, Potentilla pulcherrima, Pseudocymopteris montanus, Solidago decumbens, Solidago multiradiata, Swertia radiata, and Zigadenus elegans. Cystopteris is the only other

Abstract: The lichen Vulpicida tilesii (Ach.) J.-E. Mattsson & Lai is reported for the first time in Washington State. Previously its known distribution was circumpolar and southward into the Rocky Mountains of the United States. A map showing its distribution in the Pacific Northwest is provided. During the summer of 1992, a partial survey of alpine lichen communities on the Olympic Penin- sula in Washington State was carried out to develop an inventory of alpine lichen species. The Buckhorn Wilderness area in the Olympic National Forest was included in the survey. The study site is east of Olympic National Park in a cirque, to the southwest of Buckhorn Mountain, at an elevation of 1,981 m. The approximate location of the cirque is 9.75 km west of Quilcene, Washington, and 14.5 km south of Sequim, Washington, in Jefferson County: T27 N, R3-4 W, sections 18 (R3) and 13 (R4), 47049'N, 12307'30"W. The Buckhorn cirque is a mixture of sandstone and argillite with an alluvium of sand, silt, gravel, and some limestone from the ocean floor and talus from landslide deposits. The ridge above the cirque is pillow basalt from the Crescent Formation, formed during the Eocene. Oceanic crust makes up the ba- saltic bedrock of the surrounding area. The cirque contains an exposed alpine tundra-like terrain with a northwest aspect and gradual slope, between 9- 180, leading off a ridge to the south of Buckhorn Mountain. The site has a nearly continuous lichen cover, consisting mainly of Cetraria cucullata (Bell.) Ach., C. ericetorum Opiz, C. islandica (L.) Ach., C. nivalis (L.) Ach., Leprocaulon spp., and Thamnolia subuliformis (Ehrh.) Culb. Interspersed with these lichens are many small herbs and sedges such as Carex spp., Campanula rotundifolia L., Douglasia laevigata Gray, Lupinus lepidus Dougl., Salix ni- valis Hook., Solidago multiradiata Ait., and cushion plants, including Phlox diffusa Benth. and Silene acaulis L.