Topic
Solidago juncea
About: Solidago juncea is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 11 publications have been published within this topic receiving 371 citations.
Papers
TL;DR: Results from experimental pollinations suggest that seed production of S. juncea was at its potential maximum throughout the flowering season, and the major factor influencing the relative abundances of honeybees on these four species of goldenrod seemed to be overlap among the flowering periods of the goldenrods and those of several introduced plant species.
Abstract: Four co-occurring species of goldenrod bloom at different times with varying degrees of overlap; in order of peak flowering they are Solidago juncea, S. graminifolia, S. canadensis, and S. nemoralis. All four species are self-incompatible and require an insect vector for successful seed- set. First, the relationship between flowering time and seed-set of individual plants of these four species was determined. All four species of Solidago had significant differences in both the percentage of filled seeds and the total seed-set of clones that flowered at different times. Early-flowering clones had lower seed-set than did late-flowering clones in S. canadensis, S. graminifolia, and S. nemoralis. In contrast, early-flowering ramets of S. juncea had significantly greater seed-set than did late-flow- ering ramets. Secondly, the underlying factors limiting seed-set were investigated by observational and experimental techniques, in order to lend insight into the processes which can select for flowering time in natural plant populations. The abundance of pollinators on goldenrods and other plant species and the abundance of flower predators were monitored over the season. Experimental hand-pollina- tions were performed on individual plants of each species over the entire flowering season, to deter- mine if seed-set was limited by the amount of pollen reaching stigmas or by factors intrinsic to individual plants which flowered at different times. Apis mellifera, the introduced honeybee, is the major pollinator of goldenrods in this system. The major factor influencing the relative abundances of honeybees on these four species of goldenrod seemed to be overlap among the flowering periods of the goldenrods and those of several introduced plant species. Apis began visiting goldenrods at a point when the abundance of flowers in the weedy flora had declined greatly. The flowering period of S. juncea overlapped almost entirely with the flowering periods of several species in the weedy summer flora. This appears to explain the lack of Apis visits to S. juncea, which was visited only by small, native bees and beetles. However, the results from experimental pollinations suggest that seed production of S. juncea was at its potential maximum throughout the flowering season. In early-flowering clones of S. graminifolia, the natural seed-set was significantly lower (by 57%) than the maximum potential seed-set determined from experimental pollinations, but in late-flowering clones there was no difference between actual and potential seed-set. Of the reduction from potential seed-set in early-flowering clones, the low frequency of honeybee visits was estimated to account for most of the loss, and flower predation by the blister beetle, Epicauta pennsylvanica, accounted for the remainder. In S. canadensis, the seed-set of both hand-pollinated and control flowers was greater in late- relative to early-flowering clones of S. canadensis (i.e., late-flowering clones had greater physiological potential for seed production). The differences in the seed-set of clones flowering at different times were due to physiological or microenvironmental differences among clones. There was also some degree of pollen limitation of seed-set (17-34% of the potential maximum seed-set) at all times. Again, pollen limitation of seed-set was due mostly to pollinators, as opposed to flower predators. In S. neinoralis, the late-flowering clones had significantly higher seed-set than early-flowering
238 citations
TL;DR: Goldenrod abundances, soil textures, nutrients, pH, and moisture within 30 old fields, and biomass allocation and flower and seed traits for each goldenrod species at a common site reveal life-history trait variation among goldenrods appears to be linked to differences in small-scale distributions and rates of colonization.
Abstract: Approximately 130 species of goldenrods are native to North America and many occur sympatrically. Such cooccurrence among closely related species raises the question of whether differences among the species in smallscale distribution and growth forms facilitate their co-occurrence. We investigated five goldenrods that frequently co-occur within their native ranges in Pennsylvania USA old fields. We measured goldenrod abundances, soil textures, nutrients, pH, and moisture within 30 old fields, and determined biomass allocation and flower and seed traits for each goldenrod species at a common site. Ordination revealed that Solidago altissima and S. gigantea were associated with fields having circum-neutral soils, whereas Euthamia graminifolia and S. rugosa achieved their highest abundances on acidic soils. Soil clay content and moisture may be associated with a further separation of species as the abundance of S. altissima tended to be higher on well-drained soils while S. gigantea had a tendency to attain its highest abundances on moist soils that had relatively stable moisture levels over time. Euthamia was more likely to be abundant on clay-rich soils while S. rugosa was often associated with soils containing little clay. Solidago juncea tended to associate with droughty soils that underwent marked soil-moisture changes over time. The latter goldenrod had the greatest absolute and relative root mass, the least absolute and relative leaf mass, highest seed-reproductive allocation, and heaviest achenes. In contrast, S. gigantea and Euthamia, which were often associated with more mesic and stable soil moisture conditions, allocated the least to roots and relatively high amounts of mass to leaves. Solidago gigantea, S. altissima, and Euthamia are invasive species across Europe. The species with the highest colonization rate across Europe, S. gigantea, allocated the most to reproduction in our study, while S. altissima, with the second highest colonization rate, was highly clonal producing the most rhizome mass. Life-history trait variation among goldenrods appears to be linked to differences in small-scale distributions and rates of colonization.
46 citations
TL;DR: The constitution and stereochemistry of five new diterpenoids from Solidago juncea Ait, junceic acid (3a), the related epoxide (6a), junceanol W(4a), JWC X (4b), and JWC Y (5a), have been studied in this article.
Abstract: The constitution and stereochemistry of five new diterpenoids from Solidago juncea Ait., junceic acid (3a), the related epoxide (6a), junceanol W(4a), junceanol X (4b), and junceanol Y (5a), have b...
29 citations
TL;DR: Water use patterns and the seasonal progression of functional leaf area were determined for Solidago canadensis L. scabra and S. juncea Ait, two species of cooccurring goldenrods which differ in their competitive ability and distribution along soil moisture gradients.
Abstract: Water use patterns and the seasonal progression of functional leaf area were determined for Solidago canadensis L. var. scabra and S. juncea Ait., two species of cooccurring goldenrods which differ in their competitive ability and distribution along soil moisture gradients. Field measurements of diurnal trends in stomatal conductances and leaf water potentials indicate little difference between the species. Laboratory gas exchange measurements of assimilation rates (13.15–13.25 micromoles CO2 m-2 sec-1), stomatal conductances (31.53–38.44 centimoles H2O m-2 sec-1), water use efficiencies (8.10–9.66 mg CO2 g H2O-1) and stomatal response to low leaf water potentials (i.e. initiation of stomatal closure at -16 to -20 bars) were also similar for the two species. Differences in their maximum functional leaf areas (421 cm2 vs 209 cm2 for S. canadensis and S. juncea, respectively, at maturity), phenologies (S. juncea flowers about one month earlier than S. canadensis) and the presence of the non-reproductive rosette habit in the dry site species (S. juncea) are probably more important in explaining the differential distributions of these two species than differences in their water use patterns.
24 citations
TL;DR: Nine species of flowering plants representing six families commonly found in North America east of the Rocky Mountains were evaluated based on how much they extended the lifespans of three commercially available natural enemy species in cages with cut flower stems compared with cages containing water only.
Abstract: Flowering plants are often used in habitat management programs to conserve the arthropod natural enemies of insect pests. In this study, nine species of flowering plants representing six families commonly found in North America east of the Rocky Mountains were evaluated based on how much they extended the lifespans of three commercially available natural enemy species in cages with cut flower stems compared with cages containing water only. The natural enemies used in the experiments were a lady beetle (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville), a predatory bug (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae: Orius insidiosus (Say)), and an aphid parasitoid (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidius colemani Viereck). The plant species that most extended the lifespans of all three natural enemies were Monarda fistulosa L. (Lamiaceae), Solidago juncea Aiton (Asteraceae), and Daucus carota L. (Apiaceae). Agastache nepetoides (L.) Kuntze (Lamiaceae), Lobelia siphilitica L. (Campanulaceae), and Trifolium pratense L. (Fabaceae) were intermediate in their support of natural enemies. One plant species, Penstemon hirsutus (L.) Willdenow (Scrophulariaceae), did not contribute to the longevity of natural enemies any more than water alone. These results emphasize the need for multi-species evaluations of flowering plants for conservation biocontrol programs, and the variability in plant value for natural enemies.
21 citations
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Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
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| 2020 | 1 |
| 2019 | 1 |
| 2011 | 1 |
| 2005 | 1 |
| 2000 | 1 |
| 1984 | 2 |