TL;DR: The majority of examples, discussed in this paper, deal with pH-responsive drug delivery system, and Thermo-responsive polymer is also covered to a large extent, as well as double-responsive system.
TL;DR: Different methods for the immobilization of enzymes are critically reviewed, with emphasis on relatively recent developments, such as the use of novel supports, e.g., mesoporous silicas, hydrogels, and smart polymers, novel entrapment methods and cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs).
Abstract: Immobilization is often the key to optimizing the operational performance of an enzyme in industrial processes, particularly for use in non-aqueous media. Different methods for the immobilization of enzymes are critically reviewed. The methods are divided into three main categories, viz. (i) binding to a prefabricated support (carrier), (ii) entrapment in organic or inorganic polymer matrices, and (iii) cross-linking of enzyme molecules. Emphasis is placed on relatively recent developments, such as the use of novel supports, e.g., mesoporous silicas, hydrogels, and smart polymers, novel entrapment methods and cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs).
TL;DR: The polymeric ionic liquids (PILs) as mentioned in this paper are a family of functional polymers with particular properties and new applications, such as energy, environment, optoelectronics, analytical chemistry, biotechnology or catalysis.
TL;DR: Stimulus-responsive or 'smart' polymers undergo strong conformational changes when only small changes in the environment occur, resulting in phase separation from aqueous solution or order-of-magnitude changes in hydrogel size.
TL;DR: The present review mainly addresses the developments of SP in the last decade with specific application areas of bioseparations, protein folding, microfluidics and actuators, sensors, smart surfaces and membranes.