Topic
Slush
About: Slush is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1133 publications have been published within this topic receiving 9680 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
1 / 2
Papers
TL;DR: In this article, the chemical composition of Antarctic frost flowers and their associated slush layers and the evidence for their role as a salt source in processes important to atmospheric chemistry and ice core interpretation are discussed.
Abstract: [1] This paper discusses the chemical composition of frost flowers and their accompanying slush layers and the evidence for their role as a salt source in processes important to atmospheric chemistry and ice core interpretation. Analysis of Antarctic frost flowers shows that they are highly saline and fractionated in sea-salt ions, with sulfate being depleted strongly relative to sodium. Because frost flowers give a bright return on satellite scatterometer images, the times and places of their formation can be identified. When winds blow towards an aerosol sampling station from areas identified by the scatterometer as covered with flowers, the collected aerosol is also depleted in sulfate. Because the flowers have a large salinity, bromide concentrations are elevated in frost flowers relative to seawater. With their high surface area, it is possible that bromine is released to the atmosphere from frost flowers, with consequent implications for tropospheric ozone depletion. The finding that quantities of fractionated sea salt are available at the sea–ice interface in the winter months and may be transported inland as aerosol also has implications for the interpretation of ice core records. Analysis of one near-coastal core shows that the majority of the sodium comes from a fractionated source rather than from open water. Hitherto, strong sea-salt signals in ice cores have been attributed to increased open water and more efficient transport inland, perhaps due to stormier weather. At least in coastal regions, however, these signals may be related instead to the increased formation of sea ice and frost flowers.
324 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a multi-year research project was initiated to study oil-herding surfactants as an alternative to booms for thickening slicks in light ice conditions for in situ burning.
173 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an algorithm for estimating the depth and hence volume of surface melt ponds using multispectral ASTER satellite imagery is described. But the method relies on reasonable assumptions about the albedo of the bottom surface of the ponds and the optical attenuation characteristics of the ponded meltwater.
Abstract: [1] The presence of surface meltwater on ice caps and ice sheets is an important glaciological and climatological characteristic. We describe an algorithm for estimating the depth and hence volume of surface melt ponds using multispectral ASTER satellite imagery. The method relies on reasonable assumptions about the albedo of the bottom surface of the ponds and the optical attenuation characteristics of the ponded meltwater. We apply the technique to sequences of satellite imagery acquired over the western margin of the Greenland Ice Sheet to derive changes in melt pond extent and volume during the period 2001–2004. Results show large intra- and interannual changes in ponded water volumes, and large volumes of liquid water stored in extensive slush zones.
162 citations
TL;DR: The different snow and ice types on a glacier may be subdivided according to the glacier-facies concept as mentioned in this paper, and the surficial expression of some facies may be detected at the end of the balance year by the use of visible and near-infrared image data from the Landsat multispectral scanner and thematic mapper (TM) sensors.
Abstract: The different snow and ice types on a glacier may be subdivided according to the glacier-facies concept The surficial expression of some facies may be detected at the end of the balance year by the use of visible and near-infrared image data from the Landsat multispectral scanner (MSS) and thematic mapper (TM) sensors Ice and snow can be distinguished by reflectivity differences in individual or ratioed TM bands on Bruarjokull, an outlet glacier on the northern margin of the Vatnajokull ice cap, Iceland The Landsat scene shows the upper limit of wet snow on 24 August 1986 Landsat-derived reflectance is lowest for exposed ice and increases markedly at the transient snow line Above the slush zone is a gradual increase in near-infrared reflectance as a result of decreasing grain-size of the snow, which characterizes drier snow Landsat data are useful in measuring the areal extent of the ice facies, the slush zone within the wet-snow facies, the snow facies (combined wet-snow, percolation and dry-snow facies), and the respective positions of the transient snow line and the slush limit In addition, fresh snowfall and/or airborne contaminants, such as soot and tcphra, can limit the utility of Landsat data for delineation of the glacier facies in some cases
158 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a spectral shape procedure was proposed to detect actively flowing streams in high-resolution satellite imagery, utilizing both spectral and pattern information, and three NDWIice thresholds were used to mask deep-water lakes and discern open water from slush, in concert with a multipoints fast marching method to rejoin resulting stream fragments.
Abstract: Supraglacial meltwater streams and lakes that form each summer across large expanses of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) ablation zone have global implications for sea level rise but remain one of the least studied hydrologic systems on Earth. Remote sensing of supraglacial streams is challenging owing to their narrow width (~1-30 m) and proximity to other features having similar visible/near-infrared reflectance (lakes and slush) or shape (dry stream channels, crevasses, and fractures). This letter presents a new automated “spectral-shape” procedure for delineating actively flowing streams in high-resolution satellite imagery, utilizing both spectral and pattern information. First, a modified normalized difference water index adapted for ice ( NDWIice) enhances the spectral contrast between open water and drier snow/ice surfaces. Next, three NDWIice thresholds are used to mask deep-water lakes and discern open water from slush, in concert with a multipoints fast marching method to rejoin resulting stream fragments. Comparison of this procedure with manual digitization for six WorldView-2 images in southwestern Greenland demonstrates its value for detecting actively flowing supraglacial streams, particularly in slushy areas where classification performance dramatically improves (85.2% success) versus simple threshold methods (52.9% and 59.4% success for low and moderate thresholds, respectively). While a simple threshold approach is satisfactory for areas known to be slush free, the procedure outlined here enables comprehensive stream mapping across the GrIS ablation zone, regardless of slush conditions and/or the presence of similarly shaped glaciological features.
145 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2025 | 5 |
| 2024 | 10 |
| 2023 | 31 |
| 2022 | 28 |
| 2021 | 12 |
| 2020 | 25 |