Situational code-switching

Abstract: Most studies of child bilingualism (Dopke, 1992; Fantini, 1985; Genishi, 1999; Gumperz, 1977, 1982; McClure, 1977; Myers-Scotton, 1993a; Romaine, 1994) concern children raised in a bilingual language community. The present study concerns a four-year-old child in an English-speaking community raised in an environment where his mother only spoke French to him. Two questions were raised: Can a child raised by a non-native parent produce situational code-switching triggered by topic changes? Are there additional topics or roles to add to the previous literature that trigger a young English-French bilingual child to code-switch? The data in this study showed that the child produced situational code-switching. Two novel hypotheses for code-switching were also found: leadership and expression of emotions and sensations. This case-study is important for the field of code-switching in the environment of a non-native parent raising a child in a second language.

Abstract: The study deals with the types of code switching and reasons why people switch their language in social media Twitter . The objectives of study are to find out contextual type and the grammatical type of code-switching which is mostly used in social media Twitter and to explain audience’s reasons switch the code in social media Twitter . The research conducted by using descriptive qualitative design. The primary data collected by tweets from the timelines of Twitter users, the secondary data were the questionnaires to collect information about audiences’s reason switch the code on Twitter . The result showed that the dominant type of grammatical types that used by the user is Inter sentential code switching, then it is followed by tag code switching type and intra sentential code switching. The dominant type of contextual types that used by the user is metaphorical code switching and it is followed by situational code switching. There are eight reasons why people switch the code in the social media Twitter , the most common reasons for people switch the languange is due to the lack of equivalent lexicon in the languanges. It is because of real lexical need. Keyword : twitter, social media, code switching

Abstract: This study aims to investigate the types, the factors, and the functions in employing code switching in a puppet show in Lamongan. The method used by the writer in conducting this study was by observing three times performances and interviewing a puppeteer. The data were collected by recording the performances and transcribing the utterances of the puppeteer on a paper. The data were classified by the writer into two types of code switching; situational code switching and metaphorical code switching based on Holmes’ theory (2001). The factors which influenced the use of code switching in this study such as participants, setting/scene, topic, and function were also identified by the writer through Holmes’ theory (2001). However, the writer used Gumperz’ theory in identifying the functions of code switching which occurred during performances. The results show that the use of code switching of Javanese-Indonesian during performances occurs frequently. The second, situational code switching is more frequent used by the characters of the puppet rather than metaphorical code switching; situational code switching were found about 58, while metaphorical code switching were found about 11. The third, the use of code switching by the characters of puppet are mostly influenced by the participant and the function. The last, situational code switching carries many functions such as interjection, message qualification, addressee specification, personalization versus objectification, and reiteration. Besides that, situational code switching also carries other functions such as motivating friends, giving advice, joking, making compliment and so on.

Abstract: Introduction In Chapter 2, we saw that CS is often manifest within the process of language change, which can lead to the creation of new varieties such as pidgins or mixed languages. In other cases, it may be a temporary phenomenon, leading only to some limited borrowing. The outcome of language contact situations is determined by social and economic variables: the relative prestige of one variety as opposed to another, or its association with a more powerful or up-and-coming group. In this chapter, we will look at social factors in CS – factors which, as we saw in Chapter 2, are as important as, if not more important than, the linguistic characteristics of the varieties in determining the linguistic outcome. Whether used in a deliberate way, as above, or not, CS provides a variety of clues as to the social identity of the speaker – the groups which, to paraphrase Le Page, she or he wishes to resemble. In Chapter 4, we will see that bilingual speakers often use CS as “conversational scaffolding” while at the same time using it to convey aspects of their identity. The motivation to code-switch relies on factors independent of the varieties as such, including the speakers' relative competence and that of their interlocutors, the identities they can express through each language, the acceptability of CS in their network and in particular contexts, and a variety of further factors.