Topic
Silverfish
About: Silverfish is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 82 publications have been published within this topic receiving 870 citations. The topic is also known as: Silverfish.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
TL;DR: A combined trawl and acoustic survey of silverfish was carried out on the western Ross Sea shelf during the New Zealand International Polar Year Census of Antarctic Marine Life research voyage on R.V. Tangaroa in February-March 2008.
Abstract: Antarctic silverfish (Pleuragramma antarcticum) is a key link between plankton and the community of top predators in the shelf waters of the Ross Sea. In spite of their abundance and important role in Antarctic food chains, very little is known of many ecological and biological aspects of this species. A combined trawl and acoustic survey of silverfish was carried out on the western Ross Sea shelf during the New Zealand International Polar Year Census of Antarctic Marine Life research voyage on R.V. Tangaroa in February–March 2008. Multi-frequency acoustic data (12, 38, 70, and 120 kHz) allowed discrimination of silverfish marks from those of krill and other associated species. Mark identification was achieved using targeted midwater trawls. Additional midwater and demersal trawls were carried out at randomly selected locations over the shelf as part of the core biodiversity survey. Silverfish were widely distributed over the Ross Sea shelf. Adult silverfish tended to form layers at 100–400 m depth and were sometimes present close to the bottom, where they were frequently caught in demersal trawls shallower than 500 m. A weak layer at about 80 m depth was associated with juvenile silverfish of 50–80 mm standard length. Acoustic backscatter strength from both silverfish and krill marks increased with increasing frequency (i.e., was highest at 120 kHz), which is characteristic of species without an air-filled swimbladder. Acoustic target strengths (TS) for silverfish at 12, 18, 38, 70, and 120 kHz were estimated from anatomically detailed scattering models based on computed tomography (CT) scans of frozen specimens. The relationship between TS and fish length at 38 kHz was sensitive to estimates of density and sound speed contrast within the fish, especially for small specimens (less than 110 mm SL). Our best estimate of the acoustic biomass of silverfish in the study area was 592 000 t (95% confidence interval 326 000–866 000 t). However, the biomass of juvenile silverfish was highly uncertain due to large differences between TS model results.
65 citations
TL;DR: This comparison between silverfish and grasshopper shows that the shift from wingless to flying insects was not accompanied by the addition of any new neuronal lineages in the thorax, instead, selected lineages underwent a proliferative expansion to supply the additional neurons presumably needed for flight.
Abstract: Neurogenesis was examined in the central nervous system of embryos of the primitively wingless insect, the silverfish, Ctenolepisma longicaudata, using staining with toluidine blue (TB) and the incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR). The silverfish has the same number and positioning of neuroblasts as seen in more advanced insects and the relative order in which the different neuroblasts segregate from the neuroectoderm is highly conserved between Ctenolepisma and the grasshopper, Schistocerca. Of the 31 different neuroblasts found in a thoracic segment, one (NB 6–3) has a much longer proliferative period in silverfish. Of the remainder, 14 have similar proliferative phases, while16 neuroblasts have extended their proliferative period by 10% of embryogenesis or greater in the grasshopper as compared with the silverfish. Both insects had similar periods of abdominal neurogenesis except that in the silverfish terminal ganglion a prominent set of neuroblasts continued dividing until close to hatching, possibly reflecting the importance of cercal sensory input in this insect. This comparison between silverfish and grasshopper shows that the shift from wingless to flying insects was not accompanied by the addition of any new neuronal lineages in the thorax. Instead, selected lineages underwent a proliferative expansion to supply the additional neurons presumably needed for flight. The expansion of specific thoracic lineages was accompanied by the reduction of the terminal abdominal lineages as flying insects began to de-emphasize their cercal sensory system.
63 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the essential oil from leaves of Cryptomeria japonica was investigated to test its properties as a silverfish repellent and insecticide, and the results from a repellency bioassay showed that the essential oils significantly repelled silverfish.
Abstract: This is the first article to report the evaluation of a natural product used as an antisilverfish agent. Silverfish (Lepisma saccharina), primitive wingless insects, feed on a variety of materials, including paper, cotton, starch, and cereals. They can be a problem in libraries and other places where books, documents, and papers are stored. In this pilot study, the essential oil from leaves of Cryptomeria japonica was investigated to test its properties as a silverfish repellent and insecticide. The results from a repellency bioassay show that the essential oil significantly repelled silverfish. The repellent activity was 80% at a dosage of 0.01 mg/cm3. When silverfish were exposed to a concentration of 0.16 mg/cm3 of essential oil, they were killed within 10h. The chemical composition of essential oil, the emissions from a test chamber, and the residue left on filter papers previously soaked with the essential oil in a chamber were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The components of the essential oil were found to be: elemol (18.22%), 16-kaurene (11.63%), 3-carene (9.66%), sabinene (9.37%), 4-terpineol (9.06%), β-eudesmol (5.70%), α-pinene (5.62%), and limonene (5.26%). Only some constituents of the essential oil compounds collected by solid-phase microextraction were found to be emitted in the test chamber. The main constituents were: 3-carene (21.03%), p-cymene (10.95%), limonene (9.49%), β-myrcene (9.39%), γ-terpinene (9.10%), α-terpinene (8.57%), and 4-terpineol (7.97%).
62 citations
TL;DR: The silverfish, Ctenolepisma lineata, on a diet of cellulose alone shows a respiratory quotient of close to unity, indicating utilization of carbohydrate, presumably derived from cellulose, and the gut of the silverfish contains many micro-organisms, but none of the bacteria grown in favourable culture media are capable of digesting cellulose.
Abstract: 1. The silverfish, Ctenolepisma lineata , on a diet of cellulose alone shows a respiratory quotient of close to unity, indicating utilization of carbohydrate, presumably derived from cellulose. 2. The silverfish may gain weight temporarily on a diet of cellulose alone although the diet is not satisfactory for prolonged feeding. 3. The silverfish digests part of the cellulose ingested, the utilization efficiency being comparable to that of the dairy cow. 4. Silverfish fed cellulose uniformly marked with 14 C respire 14 CO 2 , indicating that cellulose is metabolized and therefore must have been digested. 5. The gut of the silverfish contains many micro-organisms, but none of the bacteria grown in favourable culture media are capable of digesting cellulose. A few moulds do, but they are never seen growing in the gut and are presumably developed from spores grazed from wood by the silverfish. 6. Bacteria-free silverfish were obtained by washing eggs in a solution of mercuric chloride and ethanol and raising the nymphs on rolled oats and vitamins under aseptic conditions. 7. Bacteria-free silverfish fed cellulose uniformly marked with 14 C respire 14 CO 2 , indicating that even in the absence of micro-organisms, C. lineata metabolizes cellulose and therefore must have digested it. 8. A cellulase was demonstrated in extracts of the midgut. A cellobiase and an amylase were also shown to be present. The pH optima for the cellulase are 4.0 and 6.0, with a smaller peak occasionally showing at 7.7. For cellobiase the optima were 4.5 and 6.5. 9. The cellulase was isolated in the 60 and 70% ammonium sulphate saturated fractions of the soluble proteins from the midgut.
58 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2021 | 2 |
| 2020 | 1 |
| 2019 | 4 |
| 2018 | 4 |
| 2017 | 6 |
| 2016 | 4 |