Shutdown

Abstract: “At the expense of anything?” rejoined Lady Carbury with energy. “One cannot measure such men by the ordinary rule.” —Anthony Trollope, The Way We Live Now (1875) Facile criticisms of Adam Tooze's new book, Shutdown: How Covid Shook the World's Economy , present themselves at once. It suffers by comparison to Tooze's masterpiece, The Wages of Destruction (2006)—easily one of the best historical works of the last two decades, a huge and original take on the economy of Nazi Germany, its geopolitics and political economy alike forged in reaction to the example of Fordist America, its war aims destined to fail because of an increasing deficit in the “balance of resources” vis-à-vis the Allies.

Abstract: Background Acute fibrinolysis shutdown is associated with early mortality after trauma; however, no previous studies have investigated the incidence of persistent fibrinolysis or its association with mortality. We tested the hypothesis that persistent fibrinolysis shutdown is associated with mortality in critically ill trauma patients. Study Design Thromboelastography was performed on ICU admission in 181 adult trauma patients and at 1 week in a subset of 78 patients. Fibrinolysis shutdown was defined as LY30 ≤ 0.8% and was considered transient if resolved by 1 week postinjury or persistent if not. Logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, hemodynamics, and Injury Severity Score (ISS). Results Median age was 52 years, 88% were male, and median ISS was 27, with 56% transient fibrinolysis shutdown, 44% persistent fibrinolysis shutdown and 12% mortality. Median LY30 was 0.23% (interquartile range [IQR] 0% to 1.20%) at admission and 0.10% (IQR 0% to 2.05%) at 1 week. Transient shutdown more often occurred after head injury (p = 0.019); persistent shutdown was more often associated with penetrating injury (29% vs 9%; p = 0.020), lower LY30 at ICU admission (0.10% vs 1.15%; p Conclusions Persistent fibrinolysis shutdown is associated with late mortality after trauma. A high index of suspicion should be maintained, especially in patients with penetrating injury, reduced LY30 on admission, and/or receiving blood product transfusion. Judicious use of tranexamic acid is advised in this cohort.

Abstract: This paper provides novel evidence on pricing effects in housing markets following government shutdown responses to COVID-19 using microlevel data on U.S. residential property transactions. We find that post-shutdown pricing effects not only depend on population density but also the size and structural density of properties. The average price of a three-bedroom property fell by approximately 1.4% in densely populated locations (e.g., downtown) but increased by about 1.5% in low-density locations (e.g., suburbs) where shutdowns were enacted. The effects are more drastic for properties with fewer bedrooms. We also document a significant decrease in sales for markets under a shutdown.

Abstract: A system for controlling charging of a battery of a vehicle powered by an internal combustion engine. The system (80) includes an input (83) that receives an engine shutdown signal indicative that the engine will be shut down during an idle period to thereby conserve fuel. An engine shutdown delay (82) delays shutdown of the engine for a shutdown delay period in response to the engine shutdown signal. Charge boost circuitry (84) increases a charge signal applied to the battery of the vehicle during the engine shutdown delay period.