Shipyard

Abstract: The principles of the Industry 4.0 are guiding manufacturing companies toward more automated and computerized factories. Such principles are also applied in shipbuilding, which usually involves numerous complex processes whose automation will improve its efficiency and performance. Navantia, a company that has been building ships for 300 years, is modernizing its shipyards according to the Industry 4.0 principles with the help of the latest technologies. Augmented reality (AR), which when utilized in an industrial environment is called industrial AR (IAR), is one of such technologies, since it can be applied in numerous situations in order to provide useful and attractive interfaces that allow shipyard operators to obtain information on their tasks and to interact with certain elements that surround them. This article first reviews the state of the art on IAR applications for shipbuilding and smart manufacturing. Then, the most relevant IAR hardware and software tools are detailed, as well as the main use cases for the application of IAR in a shipyard. Next, it is described Navantia’s IAR system, which is based on a fog-computing architecture. Such a system is evaluated when making the use of three IAR devices (a smartphone, a tablet, and a pair of smart glasses), two AR software development kits (ARToolKit and Vuforia) and multiple IAR markers, with the objective of determining their performance in a shipyard workshop and inside a ship under construction. The results obtained show a remarkable performance differences among the different IAR tools and the impact of factors like lighting, pointing out the best combinations of markers, and hardware and software to be used depending on the characteristics of the shipyard scenario.

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to define green shipping and eco-friendly vessels and identify the regulations and current market situation regarding eco-friendly vessels in major countries such as Europe, United States, Japan, China and South Korea within the framework of shipping companies, shipyards, ports, and policies. This conceptual study defines and analyzes the current market situation of green shipping based on the previous literatures as well as the cases of each stakeholder in major countries. As the results, this study identifies six major problems and proposes countermeasures to enhance strategic plans in preparation for green shipping in South Korea. The countermeasures are 1) the establishment of a shipping–shipbuilding collaborative network, 2) information sharing and joint cost reduction for shipping and shipbuilding industry, 3) investment in R&D in eco-friendly vessels by shipbuilding industry, 4) expanded support for LNG fueled ship.

Abstract: Cruise ships are among the most complex and demanding products of the shipbuilding industry. The very special “payload” and exclusive operational profile, i.e. passengers looking for leisure and entertainment, imply outstanding performances in terms of safety standards and customer satisfaction. Attention to environment is relevant as well, since these ships are used to operate in spectacular marine ecosystems. The need of European shipyards to continuously progress to preserve the market leadership requires a virtuous evolution of the ship design process projected on a life cycle perspective. In this regard Systems Engineering appears to be a robust and reliable paradigm, able to provide the necessary comprehensive view of the cruise ship system as a whole together with a systematic methodological framework that, among the other advantages, enables the active and constructive participation of all the involved stakeholders in the decision-making process. In particular, Systems Engineering strongly relies on the so-called model-based engineering to share, integrate, combine and improve the level of details relevant to the system under development. In this paper the digital twin model will be discussed as a natural evolution of above-mentioned model-based engineering and its utilization in the shipbuilding field will be described as a very promising application especially in the field of cruise ships.

Abstract: Shipping is looking to progressively develop into a zero‐emissions industry, in agreement with pledges made under the Initial IMO Strategy on reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from ships, and its vision to phasing out greenhouse gas emissions as soon as possible during this century. International regulations currently focus on the design and operational phases of the industry, which carries the largest life‐cycle climate impact of a ship. As the level of emissions from the operational phase is reduced, the inclusion of emissions from shipyards during construction, maintenance, and disposal becomes increasingly important. The main objective of this study is to improve energy efficiency and reduce air emissions in the shipbuilding industry through the development of an energy‐management framework. A systematic literature review was used to define criteria for clean and green shipyards and to develop a novel, holistic, systematic, and transdisciplinary framework for energy management. The energy‐management framework is aimed at creating a decision‐support mechanism for complex situations, using a multiple criteria decision‐making approach. The energy‐management framework was applied to case studies of a Bangladeshi and an Italian shipyard. The potential implementation of the framework in yards of different sizes, types and geographical location demonstrates that it has the potential to improve energy management and thereby energy efficiency while increasing productivity and profitability in shipyards.