TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the topology and algebraic properties of complex surfaces, including the following properties: 1. The Projective Plane, 2. The Jacobian Fibration, 3. Hodge Theory on Surfaces, 4. Inequahties for Hodge Numbers, 5. Holomorphic Vector Bundles, Serre Duality and Riemann-Roch Theorem.
Abstract: Historical Note.- References.- The Content of the Book.- Standard Notations.- I. Preliminaries.- Topology and Algebra.- 1. Notations and Basic Facts.- 2. Some Properties of Bilinear forms.- 3. Vector Bundles, Characteristic Classes and the Index Theorem.- Complex Manifolds.- 4. Basic Concepts and Facts.- 5. Holomorphic Vector Bundles, Serre Duality and the Riemann-Roch Theorem.- 6. Line Bundles and Divisors.- 7. Algebraic Dimension and Kodaira Dimension.- General Analytic Geometry.- 8. Complex Spaces.- 9. The ?-Process.- 10. Deformations of Complex Manifolds.- Differential Geometry of Complex Manifolds.- 11. De Rham Cohomology.- 12. Dolbeault Cohomology.- 13. Kahler Manifolds.- 14. Weight-1 Hodge Structures.- 15. Yau's Results on Kahler-Einstein Metrics.- Coverings.- 16. Ramification.- 17. Cyclic Coverings.- 18. Covering Tricks.- Projective-Algebraic Varieties.- 19. GAGA Theorems and Projectivity Criteria.- 20. Theorems of Bertini and Lefschetz.- II. Curves on Surfaces.- Embedded Curves.- 1. Some Standard Exact Sequences.- 2. The Picard-Group of an Embedded Curve.- 3. Riemann-Roch for an Embedded Curve.- 4. The Residue Theorem.- 5. The Trace Map.- 6. Serre Duality on an Embedded Curve.- 7. The ?-Process.- 8. Simple Singularities of Curves.- Intersection Theory.- 9. Intersection Multiplicities.- 10. Intersection Numbers.- 11. The Arithmetical Genus of an Embedded Curve.- 12. 1-Connected Divisors.- III. Mappings of Surfaces.- Bimeromorphic Geometry.- 1. Bimeromorphic Maps.- 2. Exceptional Curves.- 3. Rational Singularities.- 4. Exceptional Curves of the First Kind.- 5. Hirzebruch-Jung Singularities.- 6. Resolution of Surface Singularities.- 7. Singularities of Double Coverings, Simple Singularities of Surfaces.- Fibrations of Surfaces.- 8. Generalities on Fibrations.- 9. The n-th Root Fibration.- 10. Stable Fibrations.- 11. Direct Image Sheaves.- 12. Relative Duality.- The Period Map of Stable Fibrations.- 13. Period Matrices of Stable Curves.- 14. Topological Monodromy of Stable Fibrations.- 15. Monodromy of the Period Matrix.- 16. Extending the Period Map.- 17. The Degree of f* ?X/S.- 18. Iitaka's Conjecture C2, 1.- IV. Some General Properties of Surfaces.- 1. Meromorphic Maps Associated to Line Bundles.- 2. Hodge Theory on Surfaces.- 3. Deformations of Surfaces.- 4. Some Inequahties for Hodge Numbers.- 5. Projectivity of Surfaces.- 6. Surfaces of Algebraic Dimension Zero.- 7. Almost-Complex Surfaces without any Complex Structure.- 8. The Vanishing Theorems of Ramanujam and Mumford.- V. Examples.- Some Classical Examples.- 1. The Projective Plane ?2.- 2. Complete Intersections.- 3. Tori of Dimension 2.- Fibre Bundles.- 4. Ruled Surfaces.- 5. Elliptic Fibre Bundles.- 6. Higher Genus Fibre Bundles.- Elliptic Fibrations.- 7. Kodaira's Table of Singular Fibres.- 8. Stable Fibrations.- 9. The Jacobian Fibration.- 10. Stable Reduction.- 11. Classification.- 12. Invariants.- 13. Logarithmic Transformations.- Kodaira Fibrations.- 14. Kodaira Fibrations.- Finite Quotients.- 15. The Godeaux Surface.- 16. Kummer Surfaces.- 17. Quotients of Products of Curves.- Infinite Quotients.- 18. Hopf Surfaces.- 19. Inoue Surfaces.- 20. Quotients of Bounded Domains in C2.- 21. Hilbert Modular Surfaces.- Double Coverings.- 22. Invariants.- 23. An Enriques Surface.- VI. The Enriques-Kodaira Classification.- 1. Statement of the Main Result.- 2. The Castelnuovo Criterion.- 3. The Case a(X) = 2.- 4. The Case a(X) = 1.- 5. The Case a (X) = 0.- 6. The Final Step.- 7. Deformations.- VII. Surfaces of General Type.- Preliminaries.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Some General Theorems.- Two Inequalities.- 3. Noether's Inequality.- 4. The Inequality c12 ? 3c2.- Pluricanonical Maps.- 5. The Main Results.- 6. Connectedness Properties of Pluricanonical Divisors.- 7. Proof of the Main Results.- 8. The Exceptional Cases and the 1-canonical Map.- Surfaces with Given Chern Numbers.- 9. The Geography of Chern Numbers.- 10. Surfaces on the Noether Lines.- 11. Surfaces with q = pg = 0.- VIII. K3-Surfaces and Enriques Surfaces.- 1. Notations.- 2. The Results.- K3-Surfaces.- 3. Topological and Analytical Invariants.- 4. Digression on Affine Geometry over ?2.- 5. The Picard Lattice of Kummer Surfaces.- 6. The Torelli Theorem for Kummer Surfaces.- 7. The Local Torelli Theorem for K3-Surfaces.- 8. A Density Theorem.- 9. Behaviour of the Kahler Cone Under Deformations.- 10. Degenerations of Isomorphisms Between Kahler K3-Surfaces.- 11. The Torelli Theorems for Kahler K3-Surfaces.- 12. Construction of Moduli Spaces.- 13. Digression on Quaternionic Structures.- 14. Surjectivity of the Period Map Every K3-Surface is Kahlerian.- Enriques Surfaces.- 15. Topological and Analytic Invariants.- 16. Divisors on an Enriques Surface Y.- 17. Elliptic Pencils.- 18. Double Coverings of Quadrics.- 19. The Period Map.- 20. The Period Domain for Enriques Surfaces.- 21. Global Properties of the Period Map.- Notations.
TL;DR: The complete proofs of the fundamental arithmetic duality theorems that have come to play an increasingly important role in number theory and arithmetic geometry can be found in this paper, where the authors provide a good introduction to the subject.
Abstract: Here, published for the first time, are the complete proofs of the fundamental arithmetic duality theorems that have come to play an increasingly important role in number theory and arithmetic geometry. The text covers these theorems in Galois cohomology, tale cohomology, and flat cohomology and addresses applications in the above areas. The writing is expository and the book will serve as an invaluable reference text as well as an excellent introduction to the subject.
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that a holomorphic line bundle on a projective manifold is pseudo-effective if and only if its degree on any member of a covering family of curves is non-negative.
Abstract: We prove that a holomorphic line bundle on a projective manifold is pseudo-effective if and only if its degree on any member of a covering family of curves is non-negative. This is a consequence of a duality statement between the cone of pseudo-effective divisors and the cone of " movable curves " , which is obtained from a general theory of movable intersections and approximate Zariski decomposition for closed positive (1, 1)-currents. As a corollary, a projective manifold has a pseudo-effective canonical bundle if and only if it is not uniruled. We also prove that a 4-fold with a canonical bundle which is pseudo-effective and of numerical class zero in restriction to curves of a good covering family, has non-negative Kodaira dimension.
TL;DR: In this article, the standard notion of non-Abelian duality in string theory is generalized to the class of σ-models admitting a Poisson-Lie-like 3ymmetry.