TL;DR: In this paper, the authors give an overview of the development and state of the art of sensor-based ore sorting for mineral raw materials and introduce various applications, such as waste elimination, diversion into different process lines, and reprocessing of coarse-grained waste dumps.
Abstract: While the deposit qualities for mineral raw materials are constantly decreasing, the challenges for sustainable raw material processing are increasing. This applies not only to the demand for minimizing the consumption of energy, water, and reagents, but also to the reduction of residual materials, especially fine and difficult-to-landfill materials. Sensor-based ore sorting can be used as a separation process for coarser grain sizes before the application of fine comminution and separation technologies and is applicable for a large variety of mineral raw materials. Sensor-based ore sorting applies at various points in the process flow diagram and is suitable for waste elimination, for material diversion into different process lines, for the production of pre- and final concentrates, as well as for the reprocessing of coarse-grained waste dumps and other applications. The article gives an overview of the development and state of the art of sensor-based ore sorting for mineral raw materials and introduces various applications.
TL;DR: This research provides a new approach for multi-feature recognition of sensor based sorting technology by using optical sensor and mechanical separating system and yields good results.
Abstract: Solid wastes are always collected as mixtures of different materials. They gets crushed, classified and sorted in solid waste treatment plants. Among these processes the sorting is the determining step for recycling and reuse. Traditional sorting technologies like magnetic sorting and eddy current sorting are only able to process some special kinds of ingredients of waste mixture roughly, such as the separation of ferrous and non-ferrous metals. Since there exist corresponding force fields between waste particles and separators. Some other properties of the solid particles such as the colours, shapes and texture features could also be considered as sorting criterions but there is no sufficient force field between these properties and separators. In this paper, an indirect sorting process by using optical sensor and mechanical separating system was developed and introduced. By using this system the particle sizes and positions, colours and shapes of each waste particle are able to be determined and used as sorting criterion. The mechanical sorting device consists of a compressed air nozzle which is controlled by computer, the target particles which were recognized by sensor were blown out of the main waste stream. Feature recognition by using optical sensor yield good results. This research provides a new approach for multi-feature recognition of sensor based sorting technology.
TL;DR: The following article describes the general principles and uses of sensor-based sorting and gives examples of current research activities and depicts the practical potential of sensor -based sorting in the minerals industry.
Abstract: The current development in the primary raw materials sector shows that the mining industry has to face a situation of declining ore grades and increasingly complicated ore types. To efficiently and sustainably exploit and process such ores, new innovative approaches are required. Sensor-based sorting is one feasible option to address these challenges. The following article describes the general principles and uses of sensor-based sorting. In addition, this paper gives examples of current research activities and depicts the practical potential of sensor-based sorting in the minerals industry.
TL;DR: The experiments demonstrate that increased surface roughness reduces signal noise and thereby improves the classification of both spectrally similar and transparent plastics, but reduces the yield of low-softening plastics because their sliding speed on a sensor-based chute sorter varies as a result of the heating of the chute.
TL;DR: The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction of Functional Blocks, 2. Technology Fundamentals, and Applications in Mineral Processing and Recycling.
Abstract: The article contains sections titled:
1. Introduction
2. Description of Functional Blocks
3. Technology Fundamentals
3.1. Scanning Techniques
3.2. Sensor Techniques
3.3. Detection System Parameters
4. Applications
4.1. Applications in Mineral Processing Stages
4.2. Applications in Mineral Processing and Recycling