Topic
Selfing
About: Selfing is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2492 publications have been published within this topic receiving 99757 citations. The topic is also known as: self-fertilization.
Papers published on a yearly basis
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Papers
TL;DR: The evidence that the evolution of breeding systems of animals and plants has been significantly influenced by the occurrence of inbreeding depression is reviewed, and the contemporary genetic theory of inmarriage depression and heterosis and the experimental data concerning the strength of in breeding depression are considered.
Abstract: The harmful effects of close inbreeding have been noticed for many centuries (34, 35, 165). With the rise of Mendelian genetics, it was realized that the main genetic consequence of inbreeding is homozygosis (165, Ch. 2). Two main theories were early proposed to account for inbreeding depression and its converse, heterosis (the increase in vigor observed in an F1 between two inbred lines). These are the overdominance and partial dominance hypotheses, discussed in more detail below. Research into this question has continued up to the present, and this is one of the topics that we discuss. Darwin (35, 36) was the first to point out that the evident adaptations of many plants for ensuring outcrossing could be understood in terms of the selective advantage of avoiding inbreeding depression. We review the evidence that the evolution of breeding systems of animals and plants has been significantly influenced by the occurrence of inbreeding depression. In order to do this, we consider the contemporary genetic theory of inbreeding depression and heterosis, and the experimental data concerning the strength of inbreeding depression. We emphasize data and theory relevant to natural, rather than domesticated, populations as we are chiefly concerned to evaluate the evolutionary significance of inbreeding depression. We do not attempt to give a complete bibliography of this very extensive field but try to concentrate on what seem to be the most significant findings in relation to this aim.
3,382 citations
TL;DR: The results indicate that the triploid bridge pathway can contribute significantly to autopolyploids formation regardless of the mating system, and to allopolyploid formation in outcrossing taxa.
Abstract: Polyploidy is widely acknowledged as a major mechanism of adaptation and speciation in plants. The stages in polyploid evolution include frequent fertility bottlenecks and infrequent events such as gametic nonreduction and interspecific hybridization, yet little is known about how these and other factors influence overall rates of polyploid formation. Here we review the literature regarding polyploid origins, and quantify parameter values for each of the steps involved in the principal pathways. In contrast to the common claim that triploids are sterile, our results indicate that the triploid bridge pathway can contribute significantly to autopolyploid formation regardless of the mating system, and to allopolyploid formation in outcrossing taxa. We estimate that the total rate of autotetraploid formation is of the same order as the genic mutation rate (10 i5 ), and that a high frequency of interspecific hybridization (0.2% for selfing taxa, 2.7% for outcrossing taxa) is required for the rate of tetraploid formation via allopolyploidy to equal that by autopolyploidy. We conclude that the rate of autopolyploid formation may often be higher than the rate of allopolyploid formation. Further progress toward understanding polyploid origins requires studies in natural populations that quantify: (a) the frequency of unreduced gametes, (b) the effectiveness of triploid bridge pathways, and (c) the rates of interspecific hybridization.
1,960 citations
TL;DR: Genetic models are constructed which allow inbreeding depression to change with the mean selfing rate in a population by incorporating both mutation to recessive and partially dominant lethal and sublethal alleles at many loci and mutation in quantitative characters under stabilizing selection.
Abstract: The amounts of inbreeding depression upon selfing and of heterosis upon outcrossing determine the strength of selection on the selfing rate in a population when this evolves polygenically by small steps. Genetic models are constructed which allow inbreeding depression to change with the mean selfing rate in a population by incorporating both mutation to recessive and partially dominant lethal and sublethal alleles at many loci and mutation in quantitative characters under stabilizing selection. The models help to explain observations of high inbreeding depression (> 50%) upon selfing in primarily outcrossing populations, as well as considerable heterosis upon outcrossing in primarily selfing populations. Predominant selfing and predominant outcrossing are found to be alternative stable states of the mating system in most plant populations. Which of these stable states a species approaches depends on the history of its population structure and the magnitude of effect of genes influencing the selfing rate.
1,670 citations
Cornell University1, United States Department of Agriculture2, North Carolina State University3, University of Missouri4, University of Wisconsin-Madison5, Monsanto6, Beijing Normal University7, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign8, Purdue University9, Spanish National Research Council10, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center11, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory12, Kansas State University13
TL;DR: A simple additive model accurately predicts flowering time for maize, in contrast to the genetic architecture observed in the selfing plant species rice and Arabidopsis.
Abstract: Flowering time is a complex trait that controls adaptation of plants to their local environment in the outcrossing species Zea mays (maize). We dissected variation for flowering time with a set of 5000 recombinant inbred lines (maize Nested Association Mapping population, NAM). Nearly a million plants were assayed in eight environments but showed no evidence for any single large-effect quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Instead, we identified evidence for numerous small-effect QTLs shared among families; however, allelic effects differ across founder lines. We identified no individual QTLs at which allelic effects are determined by geographic origin or large effects for epistasis or environmental interactions. Thus, a simple additive model accurately predicts flowering time for maize, in contrast to the genetic architecture observed in the selfing plant species rice and Arabidopsis.
1,535 citations
TL;DR: The equilibria generated by the model agree closely with the results of genetical studies of those dioecious species with male-determining Y chromosomes that have been investigated, in which both male-and female-sterility factors have been found, showing complementary dominance relations and no crossing-over between the loci.
Abstract: A model for the evolution of gynodioecy from the hermaphrodite or monoecious condition is described, taking into account the effects of partial selfing and inbreeding depression. It is shown that a mutant causing male-sterility can be selected even if the female plants have the same ovule output as the hermaphrodites, but that the conditions for this are very stringent: The product of the selfing rate and the inbreeding depression must exceed one-half. If the females have an increased ovule output, gynodioecy can evolve with lower values of the selfing and inbreeding depression parameters. Expressions for the equilibrium frequency of females and of the male-sterility gene in both the dominant and the recessive case are given. By a similar technique, conditions for the evolution of androdioecy are derived. In a selfing population, these conditions are much less easily satisfied than those for gynodioecy, though in a randomly mating population the conditions are similar: If ovule production is abolished, po...
1,327 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2025 | 34 |
| 2024 | 83 |
| 2023 | 128 |
| 2022 | 165 |
| 2021 | 80 |
| 2020 | 94 |