TL;DR: In this paper, the authors conduct a within-county analysis using detailed ZIP code-level data to document new findings regarding the origins of the biggest financial crisis since the Great Depression, finding that the sharp increase in mortgage defaults in 2007 is significantly amplified in subprime ZIP codes, or ZIP codes with a disproportionately large share of subprime borrowers as of 1996.
Abstract: We conduct a within-county analysis using detailed ZIP code—level data to document new findings regarding the origins of the biggest financial crisis since the Great Depression. The sharp increase in mortgage defaults in 2007 is significantly amplified in subprime ZIP codes, or ZIP codes with a disproportionately large share of subprime borrowers as of 1996. Prior to the default crisis, these subprime ZIP codes experience an unprecedented relative growth in mortgage credit. The expansion in mortgage credit from 2002 to 2005 to subprime ZIP codes occurs despite sharply declining relative (and in some cases absolute) income growth in these neighborhoods. In fact, 2002 to 2005 is the only period in the past eighteen years in which income and mortgage credit growth are negatively correlated. We show that the expansion in mortgage credit to subprime ZIP codes and its dissociation from income growth is closely correlated with the increase in securitization of subprime mortgages.
TL;DR: The theory of "securitization" developed by the Copenhagen School provides one of the most innovative, productive, and yet controversial avenues of research in contemporary security studies as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The theory of “securitization” developed by the Copenhagen School provides one of the most innovative, productive, and yet controversial avenues of research in contemporary security studies. This article provides an assessment of the foundations of this approach and its limitations, as well as its significance for broader areas of International Relations theory. Locating securitization theory within the context of both classical Realism influenced by Carl Schmitt, and current work on constructivist ethics, it argues that while the Copenhagen School is largely immune from the most common criticisms leveled against it, the increasing impact of televisual communication in security relations provides a fundamental challenge for understanding the processes and institutions involved in securitization, and for the political ethics advocated by the Copenhagen School.
TL;DR: It is argued that a speech act view of security does not provide adequate grounding upon which to examine security practices in ‘real situations’, and three basic assumptions are put forward that an effective securitization is audience-centered, context-dependent and power-laden.
Abstract: The prime claim of the theory of securitization is that the articulation of security produces a specific threatening state of affairs. Within this theory, power is derived from the use of ‘appropri...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the New Financial Capitalism and Corporate Governance: From Institution to Nexus: How the Corporation Got, then Lost, its Soul 4. From Banks to Markets: How Securitization Ended the "Wonderful Life" 5. From Sovereign to Vendor-State: How Delaware and Liberia Became the McDonalds and Nike of Corporate Law 6. From Employee and Citizen to Investor: How Talent, Friends, and Homes Became "capital" 7. Conclusion: A Society of Investors?
Abstract: Preface 1. The New Financial Capitalism 2. Financial Markets and Corporate Governance 3. From Institution to Nexus: How the Corporation Got, then Lost, its Soul 4. From Banks to Markets: How Securitization Ended the "Wonderful Life" 5. From Sovereign to Vendor-State: How Delaware and Liberia Became the McDonalds and Nike of Corporate Law 6. From Employee and Citizen to Investor: How Talent, Friends, and Homes Became "capital" 7. Conclusion: A Society of Investors?