TL;DR: This reissue of the revised edition of the "Concise Oxford English Dictionary" brings the tenth edition completely up to date by the addition of hundreds of new words and meanings taken from Oxford's data collection programme with a special focus on fast-changing areas of the language such as new technology, e-commerce, fashion, and youth culture.
Abstract: This reissue of the revised edition of the "Concise Oxford English Dictionary" brings the tenth edition completely up to date by the addition of hundreds of new words and meanings taken from Oxford's data collection programme, with a special focus on fast-changing areas of the language such as new technology, e-commerce, fashion, and youth culture. In addition there is a new 40-page section including information on countries and nationalities, alphabets and accents, weights and measures, and a games and puzzles wordfinder. There is also a new grammar guide and a section covering the language emerging through new technologies such as SMS.
TL;DR: Part I: The Church And Man's Calling Chapter II: The Dignity Of The Human Person Chapter III: Man's Activity Throughout The World Chapter IV: The Role of The Church in The Modern World Part II: Some Problems Of Special Urgency Chapter I: Fostering The Nobility Of Marriage And The Family Section II: Proper Development Of Culture Section 1: The Circumstances of Culture in the World Today Section 2: Some Principles for the Proper Development of Culture Section 3: Some More Urgent Duties of Christians in Regard to Culture Section 4: Some
Abstract: Part I: The Church And Man's Calling Chapter I: The Dignity Of The Human Person Chapter II: The Community of Mankind Chapter III: Man's Activity Throughout The World Chapter IV: The Role of The Church in The Modern World Part II: Some Problems Of Special Urgency Chapter I: Fostering The Nobility Of Marriage And The Family Chapter II: The Proper Development Of Culture Section 1: The Circumstances of Culture in the World Today Section 2: Some Principles for the Proper Development of Culture Section 3: Some More Urgent Duties of Christians in Regard to Culture Chapter III: Economic And Social Life Section 1: Economic Development Section 2: Certain Principles Governing Socio-Economic Life as a Whole Chapter IV: The Life Of The Political Community Chapter V: The Fostering Of Peace And The Promotion Of A Community Of Nations Section 1: The Avoidance of War Section 2: Setting Up An International Community
TL;DR: In this paper, Africa, Iran/Afghanistan, Ottoman Empire, Russian Empire, South Asia, Southeast/East Asia, and Southeast/east Asia are discussed. But the focus is on Iran and Afghanistan.
Abstract: Introduction Section 1: Africa Section 2: Iran/Afghanistan Section 3: Ottoman Empire Section 4: Russian Empire Section 5: South Asia Section 6: Southeast/East Asia
TL;DR: In this paper, the first section of this article examines the first year of formal schooling, as children start formal schooling and there are discussions between parents and educators about children who are, or are not, ready for school.
Abstract: Each year, as children start formal schooling, there are discussions between parents and educators about children who are, or are not, ‘ready for school’. The first section of this article examines...
TL;DR: A collection of essays and reviews by Thomas Nagel covering various topics in philosophy, including privacy, morality, politics, and the mind-body problem.
Abstract: Abstract Thomas Nagel is widely recognized as one of the top American philosophers working today. Reflecting the diversity of his many philosophical preoccupations, this volume is a collection of his most recent critical essays and reviews. The first section, Public and Private, focuses on the notion of privacy in the context of social and political issues, such as the impeachment of President Clinton. The second section, Right and Wrong, discusses moral, political and legal theory, and includes pieces on John Rawls, G.A. Cohen, and T.M. Scanlon, among others. The final section, Mind and Reality, features discussions of Richard Rorty, Donald Davidson, and the Sokal hoax, and closes with a substantial new essay on the mind-body problem. Written with characteristic rigor, these pieces reveal the intellectual passion underlying the incisive analysis for which Nagel is known.
Abstract: An electronic imaging apparatus comprises a storage section which stores electronic image information, a display section which displays electronic image information stored in the storage section, a setting section which sets a transmission destination of electronic image information, and a communication section which transmits electronic image information stored in the storage section to the transmission destination set by the setting section. This apparatus further comprises an updating section which updates transmission history information including transmission destination information representing the transmission destination of electronic image information every time electronic image information is transmitted by the transmission section, and stores the updated transmission history information related to the electronic image information in the storage section. The display section displays the electronic image information stored in the storage section and the transmission history information related to the electronic image information.
TL;DR: Brent Plate as discussed by the authors discusses the relationship between the eye and the mind in Islam and the relation between the word and image in calligraphy and Islamic art, and discusses the importance of the image of Christ in modern art.
Abstract: Introduction S.Brent Plate SECTION 1: THE EYE AND THE MIND Introduction to Section One S.Brent Plate From 'Vision' D.Ackerman , From Eye and Mind R.L.Gregory From 'To See and Not See' O.Sacks From 'Metaphors on Vision' S.Brakhage SECTION 2: ICON: THE IMAGE OF JESUS CHRIST AND CHRISTIAN THEOLOGY Introduction to Section Two S.Brent Plate From 'Image' M.Miles From Painting the Word J.Drury From The Sexuality of Christ in Renaissance Art and in Modern Oblivion L.Steinberg From 'Would Jesus Have Sat for a Portrait? The Likeness of Christ in the Popular Reception of Sallman's Art' D.Morgan SECTION 3: QALAM: THE RELATIONSHIP OF WORD AND IMAGE IN ISLAMIC CALLIGRAPHY Introduction to Section Three S.Brent Plate From Mediation of Ornament O.Grabar From 'The Spiritual Message of Islamic Calligraphy' S.H.Nasr From Calligraphy and Islamic Culture A.Schimmel From Modern Islamic Art W.Ali SECTION 4: SHINJIN: THE SEEING MIND-BODY IN JAPANESE ZEN GARDENS Introduction to Section Four S.Brent Plate From Buddhism and the Arts of Japan R.Pilgrim From The Body: Toward an Eastern Mind-Body Theory Y.Yasuo From The Ocean in the Sand M .Holborn 'The Japanese Zen Garden' S.Nagatomo & P.Winfield SECTION 5: DARSHAN: SEEING THE DIVINE IMAGE IN INDIA IN THE MODERN AGE Introduction to Section Five S.Brent Plate From Darshan D.Eck From the Prologue to Devi: Goddess of India J.S.Hawley From 'All in the (Raghu) Family' P.Lutgendorf From Lives of Indian Images R.Davis SECTION 6: ZAKHOR: JEWISH MEMORY BUILT INTO ARCHITECTURE Introduction to Section Six S.Brent Plate From Jewish Icons R.Cohen From The Texture of Memory: Holocaust Memorials and Meaning J.Young 'Idolizing/Idealizing the Holocaust Era Boxcar' O.Stier 'Building Zakhor: Daniel Libeskind's Jewish Museum, Berlin' S.Brent Plate
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of recent program reforms from which the Decision and Law emerged and recent population trends to which they respond is presented. And the authors discuss how regime transition and leadership succession are changing the birth program.
Abstract: This article reports and discusses these policy developments. The first part provides background. Thus the first section reviews recent program reforms from which the Decision and Law emerged and recent population trends to which they respond. The second section discusses how regime transition and leadership succession are changing the birth program. The second part treats policy formulation. Thus the third section summarizes the 2000 Decision and legislative issues as the immediate background of the 2001 Law. The fourth section assesses stability and change in the 2001 Law and a fifth section identifies some progressive and problematic silences in it. The third part illustrates policy implementation. Thus the sixth section reports recent program activities in birth planning and reproductive health while the seventh section outlines the programs mass organizations and international relations. The eighth section notes organizational constraints and environmental processes that will condition the actual impact of policy on citizens. The conclusion briefly sketches debate over how to evaluate the program. The complete text of the 2001 Law is translated in the Documents department of this issue. (excerpt)
TL;DR: The Big Picture shows how change through Learning Themes Dominant discourse can help drive change in the knowledge economy.
Abstract: Preface Introduction Section 1 The Big Picture 1 The Knowledge Economy (KE) 2 Strategy, Capabilities, Knowledge productivity and the Section 2 Developing Expertise in Learning - individuals and 3 Specific Expertise, Specific Situations 4 Problems and Challenges 5 Generating New Knowledge Critique of Section 2 by Jussi Koski Section 3 Developing Expertise in Learning 6 Environments for Learning 7 Creative Environments 8 Communicating Knowledge Section 4 Achieving Change 9 Change through Learning Themes Dominant discourse
TL;DR: This new edition has been revised throughout and contains many new exercises, updated examples, an expanded discussion of research writing in the sciences, new glossary entries, and a new section on research ethics and the moral compass of the disciplines.
Abstract: Janet Giltrow's Academic Writing has been widely acclaimed in all its editions as a superb introduction for student readers. Giltrow draws meaningfully on theory, especially genre theory, while using specific texts to keep the discussion grounded in the particular. This new edition has been revised throughout and contains many new exercises, updated examples, a new section on research proposals, and wider disciplinary coverage.
TL;DR: In this paper, a data processing apparatus includes a central control section, an image analysis section, a RAM (Random Access Memory), an external memory section and a user operation input section.
Abstract: A data processing apparatus includes a central control section, an image analysis section, a RAM (Random Access Memory), an external memory section and a user operation input section. The central control section is connected to the image analysis section, the RAM and the external memory section via a bus. Based on image data prepared by an image input section, the image analysis section performs a process of specifying where on the display screen of a display section a portion specified by the image input section lies.
TL;DR: This book discusses Max Weber's Dissertation in the Context of His Early Career and Life, as well as his later Writings, and the history of Commercial Partnerships in the Middle Ages.
Abstract: Chapter 1 Introduction: Max Weber's Dissertation in the Context of His Early Career and Life Chapter 2 Section I. The "Lost Decade" Chapter 3 Section II. Ebb and Flow: Historical and Biographical Contexts of Weber's Early Career Chapter 4 Section III. Main Themes and Arguments of The History of Commercial Partnerships Chapter 5 Section IV. Influence of Weber's Later Writings Chapter 6 Section V. Versions of the Text and Additional Literature Chapter 7 Section VI. Translating The History of Commerical Partnerships Chapter 8 Bibliography Chapter 9 The History of Commercial Partnerships in the Middle Ages Chapter 10 Prefatory Remarks Chapter 11 Section I. Roman and Current Law. Plan of the Investigation Chapter 12 Section II. The Partnerships of Maritime Law Chapter 13 Section III. Family Communities and Communities of Labor Chapter 14 Section IV. Pisa. The Law of Partnership According to the Constitutum Usus Chapter 15 Section V. Florence Chapter 16 Section VI. The Legal Literature. Conclusion Chapter 17 Appendix: Overview of the Documents
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a collection of all the medieval documents that refer to library holdings in both the medieval university and its colleges, documents as various as borrowing registers, inventories, and formal catalogues of various dates and degrees of sophistication.
Abstract: The medieval university at Cambridge was a centre for the circulation of books. In complicated networks of acquisition and exchange, books were bought, borrowed, copied, and bequeathed. Colleges came to own collections of books for the use of their fellows, and in the late middle ages many colleges built library-rooms to house their books. Some colleges, notably Peterhouse, Gonville and Caius, and Pembroke, still retain large parts of their medieval collections. This volume collects for the first time all the medieval documents that refer to library holdings in both the medieval university and its colleges, documents as various as borrowing registers, inventories, and formal catalogues of various dates and degrees of sophistication. Also included is a substantial biographical section on individuals who gave or bequeathed books to Cambridge libraries, and where a will survives it is included as a document.
TL;DR: Local compactness and exponentiability in 𝐵ℐℴ 几何/ SNL are characterized by the notion of local compactness.
Abstract: Abstract Our principal goal in this chapter is to establish the characterization of exponentiable objects in the 2-category ℬℐℴ𝓅/𝒮, for a general base topos 𝒮, as those which are ‘locally compact’ in an appropriate sense. We have already made some observations about exponentiability in ℬℐℴ𝓅/𝒮 in Section B4.3; and we shall assume that the reader of this chapter is familiar with them. In this and the next section we shall take our base topos to be Set, in order to simplify the notation; but virtually all that we do can be extended to a general base topos S with a natural number object, using an appropriate internal finiteness notion in S to interpret the finiteness conditions which appear below.
TL;DR: A companion book exploring the enduring popularity of Victorian novels and their historical, political, and cultural contexts.
Abstract: Victorian novels remain enormously popular today: some continue to be made into films, while authors such as Charles Dickens and George Eliot are firmly established in the canon and taught at all levels. These works have also attracted a great deal of critical attention, with much current scholarship examining the novel in relation to its historical, political, and cultural contexts. This reference book is an introductory guide to the Victorian novel, its background, and its legacy. Each chapter is written by an expert contributor and offers a fresh account of past, current, and new directions in scholarship.The volume is divided into several broad sections, with chapters in each section treating more specialized topics. The first section looks at the emergence of the Victorian novel and its literary precursors, with particular emphasis on the growth of serialization and the development of the novel of syndication. The second explores significant social and cultural facets of nineteenth-century British literature, while the third discusses the principal features of different genres, such as ghost stories, the Gothic, detective fiction, the social problem novel, and contemporary film adaptations. Individual authors are examined in the fourth section, while the fifth overviews various critical approaches and their application to nineteenth-century fiction.
TL;DR: This chapter discusses Archeo-Bias: Recognition and Prevention, the European Union, Cultural Heritage, and CRM in the United States Glossary Bibliography.
Abstract: Acknowledgments Introduction Chapter 1: Rethinking Cultural Resource Management Chapter 2: Thinking About Cultural Resources Management as an Extradisciplinary Enterprise Chapter 3: Doing a Job on Culture Chapter 4: It's Not Ethnography, Either Chapter 5: An Uninspired Centerpiece: The National Register of Historic Places Chapter 6: The Hester Chapter 7: Process vs. Preservation: a False Dichotomy Chapter 8: Thinking About Impact Assessment and Mitigation Chapter 9: What Is Section 106 Review Anyhow? Two Views Chapter 10: What if We Lost Section 106? Is the Worst Case Necessarily the Worst Case? Chapter 11: What's in a Name? The Case of "Potentially Eligible" Historic Properties Chapter 12: In the Eye of the Beholder: Visual Impacts and Section 106 Review Chapter 13: "Historic Preservation's Responsibility" and Section 4(f) of the Department of Transportation Act Chapter 14: The Letter of the Law Chapter 15: A Consultant's Duty Chapter 16: Thinking about Indigenous Issues Chapter 17: What's Really Wrong with NAGPRA Chapter 18: Stupid TCP Tricks Chapter 19: Bigger Than a Breadbox? Chapter 20: What Should We Consult About, and How Much Information Do We Need to Do It? Chapter 21: Thinking About Archeology in CRM Chapter 22: Archeo-Bias: Recognition and Prevention Chapter 23: Integrity Among Archeologists: The Dirty Truth Chapter 24: A 1937 Winged Liberty Head Dime From Silver Spring, Maryland Chapter 25: Lafayette, Where Are You? The European Union, Cultural Heritage, and CRM in the United States Glossary Bibliography About the Author
TL;DR: In this article, a mobile terminal device detects ambient sounds by a microphone and a filter separates the detected ambient sounds into a speech component and a non-speech component, and a decision section selects a ringing tone generating section, a vibrator or a light emitting section based on which one of the speech components and the nonspeech components is the dominant component and the volume of that dominant component.
Abstract: When there is an incoming call, a mobile terminal device detects ambient sounds by a microphone. A filter separates the detected ambient sounds into a speech component and a non-speech component. An analysis section analyzes which one of the speech component and the non-speech component is the dominant component. A decision section selects a ringing tone generating section, a vibrator or a light emitting section based on which one of the speech component and the non-speech component is the dominant component and the volume of that dominant one. The selected ringing tone generating section, vibrator or light emitting section makes ringing to inform a user of the incoming call.
TL;DR: Sextus Empiricus' works are influential ancient philosophical sources and have had a significant impact on Western philosophy. This book explores the recovery, transmission, and intellectual influence of his works through Late Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and the Renaissance.
Abstract: Abstract The subject is Sextus Empiricus, one the chief sources of information on ancient philosophy and one of the most influential authors in the history of skepticism. Sextus' works have had an extraordinary influence on western philosophy, and this book provides the first exhaustive and detailed study of their recovery, transmission, and intellectual influence through Late Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and the Renaissance. This study deals with Sextus' biography, as well as the history of the availability and reception of his works. It also contains an extensive bibliographical section, including editions, translations, and commentaries.
TL;DR: In this paper, Tesco plc published its 2005 annual report and financial statements, with a focus on the conceptual and theoretical context of regulatory and legislative context, and theoretical context.
Abstract: Preface. Introduction. SECTION I: CONTEXTS. Chapter 1: Regulatory and Legislative Contexts. Chapter 2: Conceptual Context. Chapter 3: Theoretical Context. Chapter 4: Governance Context. SECTION II: CONTENT. Chapter 5: Narrative Reports. Chapter 6: Financial Statements. SECTION III: ANALYSIS. Chapter 7: Fundamental Analysis. Chapter 8: Activity and Liquidity. Chapter 9: Financing. Chapter 10: Profitability and Return on Investment. SECTION IV: ISSUES. Chapter 11: Business Combinations. Chapter 12: Pensions, Share Options, Leases, Taxation and Foreign Currency. Chapter 13: Creative Accounting. Chapter 14: Corporate Social Reporting (CSR). Chapter 15: International Accounting and Harmonization. SECTION V: INTERPRETATION. Chapter 16: Tesco plc 2005. SECTION VI: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES. Chapter 17: Alternative Approaches. Chapter 18: Future Reporting. Appendix I: Annual Report and Financial Statements 2005. Appendix II: IFRS Restatement. Index.
TL;DR: In this paper, political behavior, political culture, and political socialization of the Anglophone Caribbean State: Decolonization, Contemporary Constitutions, Reform Proposals, and Political Change.
Abstract: Section I Political Behaviour, Political Culture, and Political Socialization Section II The Changing Definition of Political Science and Politics Section III Democracy: Representative and Participatory Parliamentary and Presidential Section IV The Presidential and Parliamentary Systems of Government Section V The Transition from Communism and Post-Communism Section VI The Anglophone Caribbean State: Decolonization, Contemporary Constitutions, Reform Proposals Section VII Contemporary Caribbean Politics: Globalization, Regionalism, and Political Change
TL;DR: Hume's Philosophical Essays concerning Human Understanding locates the work within a particular topical controversy.
Abstract: Abstract Hume’s Enquiry concerning Human Understanding was originally published under the title Philosophical Essays concerning Human Understandingin 1748. The title reference to ‘Human Understanding’ sets up one set of associations for the modern reader, but the opening sentence sets up another: we find ourselves reading about moralphilosophy. In fact, the opening section as a whole locates the work within a particular topical controversy. To understand how that is so, we have to look both at Hume’s career and at the nature of philosophy teaching at the time.
TL;DR: In this paper, an electronic sort section 2 selects a 1st processing mode where image data from an image read section are stored in an image storage section 26 and printing is made on the basis of the stored image data.
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an image forming device that can sufficiently keep confidentiality and privacy and prevent a job efficiency of a print job or the like from being deteriorated. SOLUTION: An electronic sort section 2 selects a 1st processing mode where image data from an image read section are stored in an image storage section 26 and printing is made on the basis of the stored image data so as to quicken the print job or a 2nd processing mode where image data from the image read section are printed not through the image storage section 26 so as to eliminate the need for a time to delete image data or the like and prevent contents of the image data in the image storage section 26 from being leaked to a 3rd party depending on the condition of the print job.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a method to automatically detect plural documents and to output images onto sheets of paper in different modes such as for alignment of inclination when the plural documents are placed on a document table.
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To automatically detect plural documents and to output images onto sheets of paper in different modes such as for alignment of inclination when the plural documents are placed on a document table. SOLUTION: When read image data D1 are data of plural documents OR1, OR2, etc., which are placed on a document table 9 and are read at the same time, the document edges E1, E2, etc., of document image data d1, d2, etc., in the read image data D1 are detected by a document edge detecting section 5 according to difference in density. The plural document image data d1, d2, etc., are cut down by a plural document detecting section 6 according to the detected document edges E1, E2, etc., and, after processing such as individual alignment of inclination by a plural document processing section 7, images are output onto sheets 10 of paper by an image output device 3.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a survey on the design for human health and well-being in the context of Horticulture, Health Care, and Design Communities, focusing on the following:
Abstract: Contributors. Foreword. Preface. Section I. Communications with the Horticulture, Health Care, an Design Communities. Section II. Design for Human Health and Well-Being. Section III. Therapeutic Design Applications. Section IV. Research. Section V. Abstracts. Section VI. Appendix. Index.
TL;DR: In this paper, a motion-picture time scale control instruction system includes a dedicated RAM for storing motion picture data and a time-scale control section that adjusts the playback speed of motion- picture data in accordance with the time-speed control signal.
Abstract: A motion-picture time scale control instruction system includes a dedicated RAM for storing motion-picture data. In a certain mode, during playback of motion-picture data, the CPU outputs to the time-scale control section a time-scale control signal corresponding to a tempo of a piece of music output from a tempo detection mechanism. The time-scale control section adjusts the playback speed of motion-picture data in accordance with the time-scale control signal. The motion-picture playback section reads the motion-picture data from the dedicated RAM while increasing and decreasing the read-out time for each unit of data in accordance with the adjusted playback speed and outputs the read motion-picture data to the display. In another mode, timing set information for synchronizing the playback timing of a specific frame of motion-picture data with a specific music performance timing are provided. On the basis of the timing set information, the system consisting of the CPU, the time-scale control section, and the motion-picture playback section reads the motion-picture data of the specific frame from the RAM in synchronism with the specific music performance timing and outputs the read motion-picture data to the display. Accordingly, the time scale is variably controlled during playback of a motion picture, and thus the motion picture can be played back and displayed in synchronism with the played music.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss some of the reasons that can be inferred to lie behind the current state of affairs, including how the current situation could be improved, and draw some general conclusions and venture some recommendations for the future.
Abstract: Unfortunately, neither is actually the case. Instead—at least in the eye of the casual beholder—the two disciplines seem to live in completely different worlds. In the next section, I will try to make this statement a bit more concrete, and in section 3, we will discuss some of the reasons that can be inferred to lie behind this state of affairs. In section 4, I will say something about my own views on the matter, including how the current situation could be improved, and in section 5 I will try to draw some general conclusions and venture some recommendations for the future.
TL;DR: In this article, an image processing section reads out moving picture data from a memory section in accordance with an instruction from a control section, and subjects the moving pictures data to a predetermined data process and converts it to image data and voice data.
Abstract: An image processing section reads out moving picture data from a memory section in accordance with an instruction from a control section, and subjects the moving picture data to a predetermined data process and converts it to image data and voice data. Based on the image data, a driver drives a display section for display control. The control section controls respective parts of a mobile radio terminal. Even while a moving picture is being reproduced, if call reception occurs, the control section temporarily suspends the reproduction of the moving picture and indicates the occurrence of call reception. If the call ends, the control section resumes the reproduction of the moving picture.
TL;DR: The authors show that there is no need to appeal to proarb to derive the arbitrary flavor of (1b-c) and that the existential reading of proarb in examples like (1c) can be traced back to their asserting the existence of an eventuality of the type assumed to have agents without making any claim whatsoever about its agent.
Abstract: Chierchia 1984 argues against the very existence of PROarb, which he takes to be a mere reflection of second order predication. I will cast doubts about the existence of proarb. In what follows, I show that there is no need to appeal to proarb to derive the arbitrary flavor of (1b-c). In section 1 I review and argue against an analysis that assumes the existence of proarb and takes it to be an indefinite pronoun (Condoravdi, 1989; Kim, 1991). In section 2 I show that the generic readings of proarb in examples like (1b) can be derived from the interaction of the indexical (2a) or definite readings of pro (2b) with the type of quantification associated with generic sentences. Section 3 shows that the existential reading of proarb in examples like (1c) can be traced back to their asserting the existence of an eventuality of the type assumed to have agents without making any claim whatsoever about its agent. (2) a. En ese restaurante, pro trabajaste como un esclavo. In that restaurant pro work:2SPAST like a slave ‘In that restaurant, you (addressee) worked like a slave.’ b. En ese restaurante, pro trabajaron como esclavos. In that restaurant pro work:3SPAST like slaves ‘In that restaurant, they worked like a slaves.’
TL;DR: Uniformitarian assumptions about language evolution are probably mistaken.
Abstract: Abstract This chapter explores the consequences of the fact that most research into language origins and evolution has taken the ‘uniformitarian’ position that the general nature of human language has not changed much over the millennia. It concludes that such a position is probably a mistaken one. The chapter is organized as follows. Section 17.2 presents the evidence for uniformitarianism, at least in so far as it governs the languages spoken today. Section 17.3 documents the fact that most language evolution research has assumed the correctness of the principle diachronicallyas well as synchronically. Section 17.4 presents reasons to doubt the correctness of uniformitarianism, at least in its strongest form and sect. 5 argues that reasons for such doubt increase the further back we go in time.