Showing papers on "Section (typography) published in 1990"
1 Jan 1990
TL;DR: This manual addresses the linguistic issues that arise in connection with annotating texts by part of speech ("tagging") and discusses parts of speech that are easily confused and gives guidelines on how to tag such cases.
Abstract: This manual addresses the linguistic issues that arise in connection with annotating texts by part of speech ("tagging"). Section 2 is an alphabetical list of the parts of speech encoded in the annotation systems of the Penn Treebank Project, along with their corresponding abbreviations ("tags") and some information concerning their definition. This section allows you to find an unfamiliar tag by looking up a familiar part of speech. Section 3 recapitulates the information in Section 2, but this time the information is alphabetically ordered by tags. This is the section to consult in order to find out what an unfamiliar tag means. Since the parts of speech are probably familiar to you from high school English, you should have little difficulty in assimilating the tags themselves. However, it is often quite difficult to decide which tag is appropriate in a particular context. The two sections 4 and 5 therefore include examples and guidelines on how to tag problematic cases. If you are uncertain about whether a given tag is correct or not, refer to these sections in order to ensure a consistently annotated text. Section 4 discusses parts of speech that are easily confused and gives guidelines on how to tag such cases, while Section 5 contains an alphabetical list of specific problematic words and collocations. Finally, Section 6 discusses some general tagging conventions. One general rule, however, is so important that we state it here. Many texts are not models of good prose, and some contain outright errors and slips of the pen. Do not be tempted to correct a tag to what it would be if the text were correct; rather, it is the incorrect word that should be tagged correctly. Disciplines Computer Sciences Comments University of Pennsylvania Department of Computer and Information Science Technical Report No. MSCIS-90-47. This technical report is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn.edu/cis_reports/570 Part-of-S peech Tagging Guidelines For The Penn Treebank Project (3rd Revision) MS-CIS-90-47 LINC LAB 178
543 citations
8 Mar 1990
TL;DR: The Local Scripts of Archaic Greece is a comprehensive survey of inscriptions from Greece before 403 BC. It includes surveys of the origin and dissemination of the alphabet, the development and content of early inscriptions, and the techniques of the craftsmen.
Abstract: Abstract This is the only modern work to survey in depth the inscriptions of Greece before 403 BC. Since its first publication in 1961, the body of material available for study has increased substantially, and the size of the Supplement in this reissue is a clear measure of that growth. The new pages are partly the work of Anne Jeffery, and partly that of her pupil Alan Johnston. The original text attempts to reconstruct, for Greek inscriptions from the eighth to the fifth centuries BC, a chronological system (divided tentatively into twenty-five year periods) similar to those already generally accepted for Greek sculpture and pottery. It includes surveys of the origin and dissemination of the alphabet among the city states, the development and content of early inscriptions, and the techniques of the craftsmen, followed by a discussion of the inscriptions of each state. Each section contains a list, with bibliography, of all significant inscriptions, while numerous photographs and facsimiles of the inscriptions provide an important instrument of control. The approach is primarily archaeological, but account is taken also of the many historical, philological, and artistic problems involved. `This is a monumental, an altogether superb, book ... It is a book worth waiting for, a major work for reading and for reference, in its field incomparable, and a contribution to the history of our civilization.' Classical World
481 citations
Patent•
25 May 1990TL;DR: A document retrieval system which includes a keyword connection table making section, document accuracy calculating section, a document sorting section, and a learning control section is described in this paper. But, it is limited to the use of keyword connections.
Abstract: A document retrieval system which includes a keyword connection table making section, a document accuracy calculating section, a document sorting section and a learning control section. The document accuracy calculating section calculates a document accuracy for each of the output documents in a prescribed manner by reference to a keyword connection table file. The document sorting section sorts the output documents in downward sequential order of the document accuracy. The learning control section serves to modify the weight of each keyword connection in a prescribed manner after the sorted output documents are given responsive to a query by a user, allowing the user make an evaluation on whether each document accuracy of the output documents is in conformity with the query. The document retrieval system is capable of providing the user with multiple choices from a numerical value between 0 and 1 in terms of a real number in making an evaluation on whether each document accuracy of the output documents is actually in conformity with the query.
114 citations
Patent•
11 Jul 1990
TL;DR: In this paper, an electronic still camera comprising an image-pickup section, and A/D conversion section, a primary recording section, secondary recording, a control section and an image signal processing section is presented.
Abstract: An electronic still camera comprising an image-pickup section, and A/D conversion section, a primary recording section, a secondary recording section, a control section, and an image-signal processing section. The image-pickup section generates still-image signals. The A/D conversion section converts the still-image signals into digital signals. The primary recording section records the digital signals. The control section reads the digital signals recorded by the primary recording section, at least during non-operating period of the image-pickup section. The image-signal processing section performs predetermined processing on the digital signals read by the control section, thereby outputting data. The predetermined processing includes at least data compression. The secondary recording section records the data output by the image-signal processing section.
114 citations
Book•
1 Sep 1990
TL;DR: This book introduces scientists, engineers, and students to scientific computer visual representations of data through survey articles and an annotated bibli.
Abstract: Articles from the August 1989 special issue of Computing magazine, plus some articles written for the issue but not included. Introduces scientists, engineers, and students to scientific computer visual representations of data. The introductory section includes survey articles and an annotated bibli
75 citations
Book•
1 Jul 1990
TL;DR: A brief history of indexing and abstracting can be found in this article, where the authors discuss the nature of information and its application in the context of information access and retrieval.
Abstract: Contents Section I: Foundations Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: The Nature of Information Chapter 3: A Brief History of Indexing and Abstracting Chapter 4: Human Language and the Community of Information Section II: Applications Chapter 5: Organization of Information Chapter 6: Information Access and Retrieval Chapter 7: Information Seeking Behavior Chapter 8: Types of Indexes Chapter 9: Book Indexing Example Chapter 10: Subject Analysis and Aboutness Chapter 11: The Indexing Process Chapter 12: Journal Indexing Chapter 13: Book Indexing Chapter 14: Indexing Specific Areas Chapter 15: Image Indexing Index
72 citations
TL;DR: This article explored the cultural dimensions of reader response among poor and working-class African American and European American high school students and found that the reading of House of Dies Drear marked a turning point for the teacher and students.
Abstract: The first section of this article addresses the relationship between reader response and culture. The second section consists of portraits of a teacher and her students as they navigated their way through a series of African American literary texts. Most of my remarks focus on Virginia Hamilton's House of Dies Drear (1968) because the reading of this text marked a turning point for the teacher and students I observed. The portraits are drawn from a study which sought to explore the cultural dimensions of reader response among poor and working-class African American and European American high school students (Spears-Bunton, 1989). Ethnographic data including class observations and interviews were collected from a single eleventh-grade honors English class of 28 students for six months. The school in which the data were collected serves two neighborhoods-one mostly African American, the other mostly European American-with a history of racially motivated animosity between them. All subject names used in this article are pseudonyms.
52 citations
TL;DR: This paper examined how women and especially men act as parents and spouses in domestic comedies, and found that men are presented differently in women's fiction than women in domestic comedy, with emphasis on males.
Abstract: This article concentrates on how women, and especially men, act as parents and spouses in domestic comedies. The first section concentrates on the background and rationale for studying the portrayals of fathers and husbands in television's domestic comedies; the second section examines the way gender (with emphasis on males) has been portrayed in these shows from the 1950s through the 1980s. The final section proposes that men are presented differently in women's fiction.
51 citations
TL;DR: This paper examined Hannah Arendt's views on judgment as they emerge from her account of political action and concluded that her account ultimately fails to answer the most central questions about judgment, and that the role of judgment as it relates to, and is distinguished from, a variety of other mental faculties.
Abstract: This paper examines Hannah Arendt's views on judgment as they emerge from her account of political action. The first section outlines certain conceptual presuppositions that pertain to political life. The second section describes the role of judgment as it relates to, and is distinguished from, a variety of other mental faculties. The third and final section offers some critical and evaluative comments and suggests that Arendt's account ultimately fails to answer the most central questions about judgment.
50 citations
46 citations
Patent•
29 Mar 1990TL;DR: A document processing system includes an input section, a memory section, text analyzing section, image identifying section, an image size identifying section and a layout processing section, and an output section as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A document processing system includes an input section, a memory section, a text analyzing section, an image identifying section, an image size identifying section, a layout processing section, and an output section. Document data is constituted by text data and image data. The test data includes key information corresponding to the image data, and the image data is laid out in the document data. The text data and image data input through the input section are stored in the memory section. The text analyzing section identifies a position in the document data at which the image data is to be laid out, based on a position of key information in the text data. The image identifying section identifies image data corresponding to the key information. The image size identifying section identifies an image size of the image data identified by the image identifying section. The layout processing section lays out the identified image data at the identified image layout position in accordance with a predetermined layout rule.
Patent•
30 Jan 1990TL;DR: In this paper, a sweeping-type compact printer unit is used to print data on a recording medium, while keeping the rollers and the print head in contact with the medium.
Abstract: A manually operable sweeping-type compact printer apparatus has an input section, a display section, an electric circuit section, and a printer unit. All these components are incorporated in a housing. The printer unit includes a print head, rollers, an encoder, and a ribbon take-up device--all attached to a chassis which is fixed within the housing. When an operator holds the printer apparatus and moves it across a recording medium, while keeping the rollers and the print head in contact with the medium, the print head prints data on the recording medium.
Patent•
10 May 1990TL;DR: In this article, an encoding/decoding apparatus consisting of a feature-image-extracting section, a three-dimensional shape model adjustment section, brightness information detection section, patch dividing section and a threshold processing section was described.
Abstract: An encoding/decoding apparatus is described wherein an encoding apparatus comprises a feature-image-extracting section, a three-dimensional shape model adjustment section, a brightness information detection section, a patch dividing section and a threshold processing section, and a decoding apparatus comprises a three-dimensional shape model forming section and a synthesizing section. Feature image information extracted from input signals by the extracting section is adjusted with three-dimensional shape basic model information by the adjustment section and then a brightness diffusion value for each triangle patch constituting the adjusted three-dimensional shape model is detected by the detection section. When the detected diffusion value is larger than a predetermined value, the processing section subjects the dividing section to divide the patch into three small patches, and the brightness diffusion value for each small patch is further detected by the detecting section, while the former is lower than the latter, the processing section encodes the brightness information for the patch by referring to a code book storing different brightness information. The encoded information is then transmitted to the decoding apparatus, together with the divided patch information. At the decoding apparatus, output image signals are reproduced from the received information by referring to the contents of a three-dimensional shape model database and a brightness information dynamic code book.
Patent•
6 Jun 1990
TL;DR: A sales transaction apparatus includes a weighing section (25) for measuring the weight of a coin, a mem-ory section (14) for storing the weight data of plural types of coins, and a processing section (11) for determining the types and numbers of coins to be paid back as a change.
Abstract: A sales transaction apparatus includes a weighing section (25) for measuring the weight of a coin, a memory section (14) for storing the weight data of plural types of coins, and a processing section (11) for determining the types and numbers of coins to be paid back as a change, producing a total weight of the coins as a sum obtained by multiplying the numbers of coins by the weights read out in correspondence with the types of coins, and checking whether the total weight coincides with a weight data obtained from the weighing section in correspondence with the coins to be actually paid back.
28 Jun 1990
TL;DR: The size and resources of Greek cities in the Aegean basin are documented in the Athenian tribute lists.
Abstract: Abstract Most Greeks, particularly in the Aegean basin, lived in or were part of cities where political life, as the modern word shows, was based. Our topic is the size and resources of these cities. The data that we are working with, as outlined in section I, are the so-called Athenian tribute lists, which give an idea of allied contributions to the Athenian empire in the second half of the fifth century BC.
Dissertation•
8 Jun 1990
TL;DR: This is not a copy of the original, which is in the University of Washington library because the original PostScript was lost and the LaTeX fonts used in 1990 are no longer available so the Latex source no longer paginates identically when processed with a modern LaTeX.
Abstract: This is not a copy of the original, which is
in the University of Washington library because the original PostScript was lost and the LaTeX fonts used in 1990 are no longer available so the LaTeX source no longer paginates identically when processed with a modern LaTeX. However the text, tables, and figures are all exactly the same as in the original. No corrections have been made. Therefore, page numbers in this version should not be cited. Use chapter, section, figure, table, and equation numbers instead.
Book•
[...]
1 Jan 1990
TL;DR: Gateway to Japan as discussed by the authors provides readers with over 100 maps and illustrations, place names in English and Japanese, an in-depth cultural and history section and a guide to all hotels and restaurants as well as information on local transport.
Abstract: Gateway to Japan provides readers with over 100 maps and illustrations, place names in English and Japanese, an in-depth cultural and history section and a guide to all hotels and restaurants as well as information on local transport.'
TL;DR: The article "Designing Clinical Research" describes the process of designing clinical research studies.
Abstract: Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and NutritionVolume 10, Issue 1 p. 153-153 LETTER TO THE EDITOR: PDF Only Designing Clinical Research Jerome R. Kraut, Jerome R. Kraut Section-of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge, IllinoisSearch for more papers by this author Jerome R. Kraut, Jerome R. Kraut Section-of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge, IllinoisSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 January 1990 https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1536-4801.1990.tb09957.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume10, Issue1January 1990Pages 153-153 RelatedInformation
TL;DR: A fresh translation of Mo'alla inscription no. 8, which lays down punishments for violators of the tomb of Ankhtifi, including their sacrifice to the local god He... as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Section I of this article provides a fresh translation of Mo'alla inscription no. 8, which lays down punishments for violators of the tomb of Ankhtifi, including their sacrifice to the local god He...
1 Jan 1990
TL;DR: This chapter evaluates the results, obtained in the preceding chapters and considers the social relevance and possible applications of the study.
Abstract: This chapter evaluates the results, obtained in the preceding chapters and considers the social relevance and possible applications of the study. Section 7.1 evaluates Chapters 2 and 3, Section 7.2 deals with Chapters 4 and 5. Chapter 6 is considered in Section 7.3, and Section 7.4 concludes.
Patent•
20 Aug 1990
TL;DR: A mathematical game board has a plurality of concentric circles providing paths or playing paths, each of which is divided into plurality of sections, each section being provided with indicia (numerals) therein for the purpose of having the players learn and/or improve their ability to count from 1 to 125 by multiple units in addition to increasing their acuity in utilizing prime numbers and factors as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A mathematical game apparatus includes a game board having a plurality of concentric circles providing paths or playing paths divided into a plurality of sections, each section being provided with indicia (numerals) therein for the purpose of having the players learn and/or improve their ability to count from 1 to 125 by multiple units in addition to increasing their acuity in utilizing prime numbers and factors; perfect squares and cubes; and exponential powers of 10.
Patent•
3 Aug 1990
TL;DR: In this paper, a data-array processing system with a memory for storing an array of data-elements, a processor to perform a series of operations on data elements stored in a first section (832) of the memory and to copy data from the first section to a second section (830) of memory after each series of operation, and output hardware, such as a video processor and monitor, for outputting the data elements in the second section.
Abstract: A data-array processing system with a memory for storing an array of data-elements, a processor to perform a series of operations on data elements stored in a first section (832) of the memory and to copy data from the first section to a second section (830) of the memory after each series of operations, and output hardware, such a video processor and monitor, for outputting the data-elements in the second section. In order to reduce unnecessary copying of data-elements from the first section to the second section, the processor sets flags indicative of each of the of portions (e.g. P, Q, R, S) of the first section which is modified during that processing operation, and checks the flags during the subsequent copying operation to copy only the flagged portions.
Patent•
4 Apr 1990
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a speech recognition system that performs accurate speech recognition by setting a free area which is set before a temporary start point in terms of time longer than the free area set after the start point when the start and end points of a partial pattern are set.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To perform accurate speech recognition by setting a free area which is set before a temporary start point in terms of time longer than a free area which is set after the temporary start point when the start point and end point of a partial pattern are set. CONSTITUTION:This device is equipped with a microphone 1, a speech analysis part 2, an input speech pattern buffer 3, a speech section segmentation part 4, an asymmetrical end point free DP matching part 5, and a standard speech pattern memory 6. In this case, the free area set before the head of a part segmented as a speech section candidate in terms of time is set longer than the free area set after said head and the free area set after the tail of the part segmented as the speech section candidate in terms of time is set longer than the free area set before said tail. Consequently, a language section in noises and continuous speech is accurately segmented and the recognition rate can be improved.
Patent•
12 Apr 1990
TL;DR: In this article, an image pick-up section generates an electronic still image signal and a digital signal conversion section converts the digital signal converted by the A/D conversion section into a plurality of streams of signals.
Abstract: An image pick-up section generates an electronic still image signal. An A/D conversion section converts the electronic still image signal generated by the image pick-up section into a digital signal. A conversion section converts the digital signal converted by the A/D conversion section into a plurality of streams of signals. A recording section includes a plurality of memories for respectively storing the plurality of streams of signals converted by the conversion section. A control section includes a section for sequentially controlling at least the plurality of memories of the recording section in a write enable state.
TL;DR: This book is a compendium of papers that resulted from a workshop composed primarily of European human factors researchers and addresses issues in the design of cognitive tools, models of decision makers in accident conditions, and the third section addresses knowledge representation.
Abstract: This book is a compendium of papers that resulted from a workshop composed primarily of European human factors researchers. The same articles were previously published in a special issue of the International Journal of Man-Machine Studies (November/December 1987). It is organized into three sections: the first addresses issues in the design of cognitive tools, the second describes models of decision makers in accident conditions, and the third section addresses knowledge representation. Each section is concluded with an overview and a commentary section written by one of the editors. The quality of the papers vary, with papers authored or co-authored by one of the editors being the best quality.
Patent•
31 Jul 1990
TL;DR: An automatic 3-mode switching circuit of a color television set for automatically changing into a suitable system according to broadcasting signals of the broadcasting systems is presented in this paper, which comprises a color killing section, a color existence/non-existence discriminating section and a vertical synchronization signal processing section.
Abstract: An automatic 3-mode switching circuit of a color television set for automatically changing into a suitable system according to broadcasting signals of the broadcasting systems, i.e., PAL-N, NTSC, PAL-M systems, which comprises a color killing section, a color existence/non-existence discriminating section, a vertical synchronization signal processing section, a 50/60 Hz discriminating section, a control section, a switching section, a NTSC color demodulating section and a NTSC oscillation section, a PAL-M color demodulating section, a PAL-N color demodulating section and a PAL-N oscillation section, and a voltage controlling section.
Patent•
23 Feb 1990
TL;DR: In this paper, a music transcribing section analyzes a singing voice and finds the melodic, musical interval, and sound length and a music selecting section selects a piece of music by using the relative value between the musical interval and the sound length of adjacent sounds.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To readily select the piece of music wanted by a user by providing a music transcribing section which analyzes a singing voice and finds the mel ody, musical interval, and sound length and a music selecting section which selects a piece of music by using the relative value between the musical interval and sound length of adjacent sounds. CONSTITUTION:When a user sings several measures with a singable musical interval, the singing voice is inputted to a music transcribing section 3 from a microphone 1 and successively converted into waveform data by means of an A/D converter 31. The waveform data are converted into time sequential powder data and pitch data by means of a power/pitch extracting section 32. A segmentation section 33 finds the starting and ending time and sound length of each sound of the melody from the varying quantity of the power and a musical interval deciding section 34 decides the musical interval from the average value of the pitch between the found starting and ending time of each sound. A music selecting section 4 selects the piece of music having the most resemble melody from the melodies stored in a melody storing section 2. Therefore, when the user sings the starting section of a song, the music can be selected.
[...]
TL;DR: In the first section of this chapter, some ways in which computer programs can be written so as to meet the user half way and enable the computer to become person literate are looked at.
Abstract: Communication is about bridging gaps, where the gap may be conceptual or spatial. A conceptual gap exists between the computer and human users. Modes of conversation between people assume certain conventions such as visual clues, tone of voice and a dialogue between the participants. To use computers, people have had to adapt by becoming computer literate. In the first section of this chapter we look at some ways in which computer programs can be written so as to meet the user half way and enable the computer to become person literate.