Topic
Sea surface microlayer
About: Sea surface microlayer is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 364 publications have been published within this topic receiving 13019 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
University of Leeds1, University of Toronto2, Stony Brook University3, University of Essex4, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory5, University of Denver6, University of British Columbia7, University of Manchester8, Fisheries and Oceans Canada9, Environment Canada10, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research11
TL;DR: It is shown that organic material in the sea surface microlayer nucleates ice under conditions relevant for mixed-phase cloud and high-altitude ice cloud formation, and suggested that marine organic material may be an important source of ice-nucleating particles in remote marine environments.
Abstract: The amount of ice present in clouds can affect cloud lifetime, precipitation and radiative properties. The formation of ice in clouds is facilitated by the presence of airborne ice-nucleating particles. Sea spray is one of the major global sources of atmospheric particles, but it is unclear to what extent these particles are capable of nucleating ice. Sea-spray aerosol contains large amounts of organic material that is ejected into the atmosphere during bubble bursting at the organically enriched sea-air interface or sea surface microlayer. Here we show that organic material in the sea surface microlayer nucleates ice under conditions relevant for mixed-phase cloud and high-altitude ice cloud formation. The ice-nucleating material is probably biogenic and less than approximately 0.2 micrometres in size. We find that exudates separated from cells of the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana nucleate ice, and propose that organic material associated with phytoplankton cell exudates is a likely candidate for the observed ice-nucleating ability of the microlayer samples. Global model simulations of marine organic aerosol, in combination with our measurements, suggest that marine organic material may be an important source of ice-nucleating particles in remote marine environments such as the Southern Ocean, North Pacific Ocean and North Atlantic Ocean.
682 citations
TL;DR: The abundance of microplastics in the SML was evaluated off the southern coast of Korea and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy identified that alkyds and poly(acrylate/styrene) accounted for 81 and 11%, respectively, of the total polymer content of the S ML samples.
Abstract: Determining the exact abundance of microplastics on the sea surface can be susceptible to the sampling method used. The sea surface microlayer (SML) can accumulate light plastic particles, but this has not yet been sampled. The abundance of microplastics in the SML was evaluated off the southern coast of Korea. The SML sampling method was then compared to bulk surface water filtering, a hand net (50 μm mesh), and a Manta trawl net (330 μm mesh). The mean abundances were in the order of SML water > hand net > bulk water > Manta trawl net. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) identified that alkyds and poly(acrylate/styrene) accounted for 81 and 11%, respectively, of the total polymer content of the SML samples. These polymers originated from paints and the fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) matrix used on ships. Synthetic polymers from ship coatings should be considered to be a source of microplastics. Selecting a suitable sampling method is crucial for evaluating microplastic pollution.
530 citations
1 Mar 1997
TL;DR: The physical processes in the microlayer and the air-sea exchange of trace gases have been investigated in this article, where the role of organic films in gas exchange has been discussed.
Abstract: Preface List of contributors 1 Report group 1: Physical processes in the microlayer and the air-sea exchange of trace gases P S Liss, A J Watson, E J Bock, B Jaehne, W E Asher, N M Frew, L Hasse, G M Korenowski, L Merlivat, L F Phillips, P Schluessel, D K Woolf 2 Report group 2: Biological effects of chemical and radiative change in the sea surface J T Hardy, K A Hunter, D Calmet, J J Cleary, R A Duce, T L Forbes, M L Gladyshev, G Harding, J M Shenker, P Tratynek, Y Zaitsev 3 Report group 3: Photochemistry in the sea-surface microlayer J M C Plane, N V Blough, M G Ehrhardt, K Waters, R G Zepp, R G Zika 4 Transport processes in the sea-surface microlayer L Hasse 5 The role of organic films in air-sea gas exchange N M Frew 6 Bubbles and their role in gas exchange D K Woolf 7 The physical chemistry of air-sea gas exchange L F Phillips 8 The sea-surface microlayer and its effect on global air-water gas transfer W Asher 9 Chemistry of the sea-surface microlayer K A Hunter 10 Biophysics of the surface film of aquatic ecosystems M L Gladyshev 11 Biological effects of chemicals in the sea-surface microlayer J T Hardy 12 Neuston of seas and oceans Y Zaitsev 13 Photochemistry in the sea-surface microlayer N V Blough 14 Hydrocarbon breakdown in the sea-surface microlayer M G Ehrhardt 15 Applications of laser technology and laser spectroscopy in studies of the ocean microlayer G M Korenowski 16 Remote sensing of the sea-surface microlayer I Robinson Index
490 citations
TL;DR: The SML paradigm is discussed, taking into account physicochemical and biological characteristics that define SML structure and function, and previously unpublished time series data on bacterioneuston composition and SML surfactant activity immediately following physical SML disruption are presented.
438 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated concentrations of marine bacteria and viruses in natural aerosols and in those simulated by bubbling sea sprays and compared them to the concentrations in SML (200- 400 μ m thick) and in subsurface waters.
412 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2021 | 21 |
| 2020 | 25 |
| 2019 | 23 |
| 2018 | 24 |
| 2017 | 36 |
| 2016 | 11 |