TL;DR: The palynological evidence suggests that Paris and Trillium are closely related to each other, and Medeola andScoliopus should be separated fromParis andTrillium.
Abstract: Pollen grains ofParis, Medeola, andScoliopus have been examined with light, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopies.P. quadrifolia L.,P. verticillata Bieb.,P. delavayi Franch. andP. polyphylla Smith have monosulcate pollen characterized by psilate, foveolate or reticulate exine sculpture. In contrast to the former species,P. japonica (Fr. et Sav.) Franch. andP. tetraphylla A. Gray have monosulcate pollen with gemmate (rarely rugulate) exine.Medeola has monosulcate pollen with reticulate exine that is distinct from that ofParis. Scoliopus has monosulcate pollen characterized by a peculiar reticulate exine pattern. The palynological evidence suggests thatParis andTrillium are closely related to each other, andMedeola andScoliopus should be separated fromParis andTrillium.
TL;DR: There is no obvious difference in exine stratification of pollen grains among 4 genera of Trilliaceae except the genus Trillium which has a discontinuous foot layer, but the others have continuous and thick foot layer.
Abstract: The pollen grains of Paris L,Trillium L,Medeola L and Scoliopus Torr in Trilliaceae , and of Lilium L and Hemerocallis L in Liliaceae were examined by LM and SEM The result shows that Paris, Medeola and Scoliopus have pollen characterized by monoanacolpate aperture and foveolate or reticulate(or compound reticulate) exine sculpture The genus Trillium, however, has inaperturate pollen and various exine sculptures including granulate, verrucate, gemmate, starred and spinulate types, but absent of reticulate type The pollen of Scoliops is peculiar in exine sculpture by having compound reticulum supported by many thick ridges The genera Lilium L and Hemerocallis L have pollen of monoanacolpate aperture and very complicated reticulate sculpture, which is similar to that of Paris, Medeola and Scoliopus There is no obvious difference in exine stratification of pollen grains among 4 genera of Trilliaceae except the genus Trillium which has a discontinuous foot layer, but the others have continuous and thick foot layer There is little difference between Trilliaceae and Liliaceae in exine stratification