TL;DR: Civardi as discussed by the authors presents a practical easy-to-follow guide to observe and draw light and shadows. But the main focus of this book is on the basics of drawing simple 3D shapes.
Abstract: This is a practical easy-to-follow guide, which shows how to observe and draw light and shade. Giovanni Civardi shares his great expertise in drawing light and shade, beginning with the basics of drawing simple 3D shapes. There are sections on shadows and cast shadows, simplifying tone, methods of shading, form and relief, composition, the perspective of shadows and many more. We also learn a little bit about how light and shade have been used throughout the history of art. Finally the artist shows through his own superb drawings how the techniques and principles learned can be put into practice. This book also includes step-by-step demonstrations. It offers clear instructions on using tone and shadow.
TL;DR: In this paper, a significant relationship between light and color pigments is demonstrated with the help of the concept of sets, which can be used in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) curricula by providing a concrete and physical example for abstract concept of the empty set.
Abstract: Full shadows, partial shadows and multilayer shadows are explained based on the phenomenon of the linear dispersion of light. This paper focuses on progressing the understanding of shadows from physical and mathematical perspectives. A significant relationship between light and color pigments is demonstrated with the help of the concept of sets. This integration of physical and mathematical reasoning not only manages an operational approach to the concept of shadows, it also outputs a model that can be used in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) curricula by providing a concrete and physical example for abstract concept of the empty set.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a technique for drawing the perspective by the grid method. But this technique is not suitable for indoor perspective setup, as shown in Fig. 1.
Abstract: I. EXTERIOR PERSPECTIVE. 1. Introduction. 2. The Perspective Setup. 3. Drawing the Perspective. 4. Basic Perspective Techniques. II. INTERIOR PERSPECTIVE. 5. Designing the Perspective Setup. 6. Drawing the Perspective by the Perspective Plan Method. 7. Drawing the Perspective by the Grid Method. 8. Modified Visual Ray Technique. III. ARCHITECTURAL SHADES AND SHADOWS. 9. Oblique Shades and Shadows. 10. Multi-view Shades and Shadows. IV. LAB EXERCISES.