Sciaroidea

Abstract: The Recent world fauna of Sciaroidea, or fungus gnats, comprises approximately 4000 described species in eight families: Bolitophilidae, Cecidomyiidae, Diadocidiidae, Ditomyiidae, Keroplatidae, Lygistorrhinidae, Mycetophilidae, and Sciaridae. Larvae live primarily in decaying vegetation, feeding on fungal mycelia, and they can be among the most abundant insects of temperate forests. Stem-group families appeared in the Jurassic, with large Tertiary deposits being composed almost entirely of living genera, so the Cretaceous is essential for understanding the origins and diversification of Recent families. Sixty-six specimens were studied from six major deposits of Cretaceous amber, spanning 40 million years from the Early to Late Cretaceous: Lebanon (ca. 125 Ma), northern Spain (120 Ma), northern Myanmar (Burma) (ca. 105 Ma), northern Siberia (two sites, 105 and 87 Ma), New Jersey (90 Ma), and western Canada (80 Ma). New taxa are the following: Docidiadia burmitica (n.gen., n.sp.) (Diadocidiidae); ...

Abstract: A phylogenetic analysis of the Mycetophiliformia (= Sciaroidea) was performed to determine the relationships among its families and to place the following genera of uncertain position in the system: Heterotricha, Ohakunea, Colonomyia, Freemanomyia, Rhynchoheterotricha, Chiletricha, Afrotricha, Anisotricha, Kenyatricha, Nepaletricha, Sciarosoma, Sciaropota, Insulatricha, Cabamofa, Rogambara, and Starkomyia Eratomyia n gen is described based on a new species from Ecuador Colonomyia brasiliana spn and Colonomyia freemani spn are described respectively from southern Brazil and Chile The male of Cabamofa mira Jaschhof is described for the first time A total of 64 terminal taxa and 137 transformation series (with 202 characters) were included in the data matrix, with a number of new features from thoracic morphology Willi Hennig’s 1973 system for the higher Bibionomorpha was adopted using the name Mycetophiliformia for the Sciaroidea The Mycetophiliformia are monophyletic The family Cecidomyiidae appears as the sister group of the remaining Mycetophiliformia, followed by the Sciaridae In the preferred topology, the Rangomaramidae appear as the group sister of a clade consisting of (Ditomyiidae + Bolitophilidae + Diadocidiidae + Keroplatidae) and of (Lygistorrhinidae + Mycetophilidae) The topology within the Rangomaramidae is (Chiletrichinae subfam n (Heterotrichinae subfam n ((Rangomaraminae + Ohakuneinae subfam n))) The Chiletrichinae include the genera Kenyatricha, Rhynchoheterotricha, Insulatricha, Chiletricha, and Eratomyia n gen Heterotrichinae and Rangomaraminae are monotypic The subfamily Ohakuneinae includes Ohakunea, Colonomyia, Cabamofa, and Rogambara The positions of Freemanomyia, Loicia, Taxicnemis, Sciaropota, Starkomyia, Anisotricha, Nepaletricha, and Sciarosoma are considered Afrotricha might belong to the Sciaridae The similarities used by many authors to gather the Sciaridae and Mycetophilidae in a clade are shown to be a combination of plesiomorphies and homoplasies

Abstract: The phylogeny of the insect infraorder Bibionomorpha (Diptera) is reconstructed based on the combined analysis of three nuclear (18S, 28S, CAD) and three mitochondrial (12S, 16S, COI) gene markers. All the analyses strongly support the monophyly of Bibionomorpha in both the narrow (sensu stricto) and the broader (sensu lato) concepts. The major lineages of Bibionomorpha sensu lato (Sciaroidea, Bibionoidea, Anisopodoidea, and Scatopsoidea) and most of the included families are supported as monophyletic groups. Axymyiidae was not found to be part of Bibionomorpha nor was it found to be its sister group. Bibionidae was paraphyletic with respect to Hesperinidae and Keroplatidae was paraphyletic with respect to Lygistorrhinidae. The included Sciaroidea incertae sedis (except Ohakunea Edwards) were found to belong to one clade, but the relationships within this group and its position within Sciaroidea require further study.

Abstract: A new phylogenetic hypothesis is proposed for the relationships among the species within the genus Docosia Winnertz, 1863, based on a combined analysis of five DNA markers (28S, ITS2, COI, COII and CytB). Five new species are described, Docosia anatolica Sevcik sp. nov. from Turkey, D. japonica Kurina sp. nov. from Japan, D. peloponnensis Sevcik sp. nov. from Greece, D. svanetica Kurina sp. nov. from Caucasus and D. polyspina Kurina sp. nov. from the Russian Far East. New country records of the following species are presented: D. diutina Plassmann, 1996 (Turkey), D. flavicoxa Strobl, 1900 (Georgia), D. gilvipes (Haliday in Walker, 1856) (Georgia), D. kerkini Kurina & Sevcik, 2011 (Bulgaria), D. moravica Landrock, 1916 (Georgia), D. pannonica Lastovka & Sevcik 2006 (Georgia) and D. rameli Kurina & Sevcik, 2011 (Slovakia).