TL;DR: The New World genus Sparganothoides Lambert and Powell, 1986 is reviewed and revised and a hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships among the species is provided, a classification based on species groups is proposed, and a key to the species based primarily on features of the male genitalia is presented.
Abstract: The New World genus Sparganothoides Lambert and Powell, 1986 is reviewed and revised. The genus ranges from the mid-Atlantic and southern United States through Central America to Venezuela. Greatest species richness is documented from the middle elevations of central and southern Mexico south through Costa Rica. Thirty-two species are treated, of which 23 are described as new: S. aciculana (Juchitepec, Mexico), S. amitana (Rio Verde, Mexico), S. arcuatana (Mendoza, Mexico), S. audentiana (Gomez Farias, Mexico), S. broccusana (Potrerillos, Mexico), S. calthograptana (Jocala, Mexico), S. canities (Tepalcates, Mexico), S. canorisana (Coatepec, Mexico), S. capitiornata (Volcan Santa Maria, Guatemala), S. carycrosana (Potrerillos, Mexico), S. coloratana (Sierra Alta Tarahumara, Mexico), S. cornutana (San Cristobal de Las Casas, Mexico), S. laderana (Iguala, Mexico), S. licrosana (Potrerillos, Mexico), S. ocrisana (Monteverde, Costa Rica), S. plemmelana (Baleu, Guatemala), S. polymitariana (Rio Jaba, Costa Rica), S. probolosana (El Salto, Mexico), S. prolesana (Monteverde, Costa Rica), S. silaceana (Villa Mills, Costa Rica), S. torusana (Rio Metlec, Mexico), S. umbosana (El Palmito, Mexico), and S. xenopsana (Esperanza, Mexico). One new combination, Sparganothoides teratana (Zeller), is proposed; and two species, Epagoge schausiana Walsingham and Epagoge spadicea Walsingham, formerly included in Sparganothoides, are excluded. A hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships among the species is provided, a classification based on species groups is proposed, and a key to the species based primarily on features of the male genitalia is presented. We recognize six monophyletic species groups: Hydeana Group (8 species); Teratana Group (6 species); Ocrisana Group (8 species); Lentiginosana Group (1 species); Morata Group (5 species); and Aciculana Group (4 species). Male and female genitalia are illustrated for each species where known; ten species are represented by males only. Biological and life history data are summarized based mainly on laboratory rearings from eggs produced by confined females of eight species, representing five of the six species groups.
TL;DR: The taxonomy, life cycle, traditional knowledge, consumption and other uses made of Hepialidae by rural and indigenous communities in Mexico are clarified.
Abstract: We review the anthroentomophagy of Hepialidae with respect to the culinary practice of various indigenous groups in Mexico. The principal genera involved in human consumption are Phassus and Schausiana. Similarities in the morphology and ecology of these insects have led to confusion among those who have made ethnobiological studies of this group. We clarify the taxonomy, life cycle, traditional knowledge, consumption and other uses made of Hepialidae by rural and indigenous communities in Mexico. Bromatological studies show that Phassus and Schausiana represent a significant source of nutrients for some indigenous communities.
TL;DR: Amorbimorpha Kruse, new genus, ranges from Texas, U.S.A., south through Ve-racruz, Mexico, with greatest species richness documented from the middle to upper elevations of central Mexico.
Abstract: Amorbimorpha Kruse, new genus, is described and illustrated. The genus ranges from Texas, U.S.A., south through Ve-racruz, Mexico, with greatest species richness documented from the middle to upper elevations of central Mexico. Twospecies are described as new: A. powelliana (type species) and A. mackayiana; the latter is the only species in the genusknown from the U.S.A. Also, two new combinations are proposed: A. schausiana (Walsingham, 1913) and A. spadicea (Walsingham, 1913). Male and female genitalia are illustrated for each species where known; A. spadicea is representedby a unique female. Limited biological and life history data are summarized based mainly on laboratory rearings from eggs deposited by confined females of A. powelliana. At least ten additional species remain to be described.