Topic
Saturation (graph theory)
About: Saturation (graph theory) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1782 publications have been published within this topic receiving 50823 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
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Papers
TL;DR: This article conducted a systematic review of four databases to identify studies empirically assessing sample sizes for saturation in qualitative research, supplemented by searching citing articles and reference lists, and identified 23 articles that used empirical data or statistical modeling to assess saturation.
Abstract: To review empirical studies that assess saturation in qualitative research in order to identify sample sizes for saturation, strategies used to assess saturation, and guidance we can draw from these studies.We conducted a systematic review of four databases to identify studies empirically assessing sample sizes for saturation in qualitative research, supplemented by searching citing articles and reference lists.We identified 23 articles that used empirical data (n = 17) or statistical modeling (n = 6) to assess saturation. Studies using empirical data reached saturation within a narrow range of interviews (9-17) or focus group discussions (4-8), particularly those with relatively homogenous study populations and narrowly defined objectives. Most studies had a relatively homogenous study population and assessed code saturation; the few outliers (e.g., multi-country research, meta-themes, "code meaning" saturation) needed larger samples for saturation.Despite varied research topics and approaches to assessing saturation, studies converged on a relatively consistent sample size for saturation for commonly used qualitative research methods. However, these findings apply to certain types of studies (e.g., those with homogenous study populations). These results provide strong empirical guidance on effective sample sizes for qualitative research, which can be used in conjunction with the characteristics of individual studies to estimate an appropriate sample size prior to data collection. This synthesis also provides an important resource for researchers, academic journals, journal reviewers, ethical review boards, and funding agencies to facilitate greater transparency in justifying and reporting sample sizes in qualitative research. Future empirical research is needed to explore how various parameters affect sample sizes for saturation.
2,412 citations
University of Maryland, College Park1, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign2, Columbia University3, Goddard Space Flight Center4, Hoffmann-La Roche5, University of Toulouse6, Haverford College7, Stony Brook University8, University of Alberta9, United States Naval Research Laboratory10, University of Orléans11, Centre national de la recherche scientifique12, Cornell University13, Max Planck Society14, National Radio Astronomy Observatory15, Eötvös Loránd University16, University of British Columbia17
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reported a radius measurement based on fits of rotating hot spot patterns to Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) and X-ray Multi-Mirror (XMM-Newton) observations.
Abstract: PSR J0740$+$6620 has a gravitational mass of $2.08\pm 0.07~M_\odot$, which is the highest reliably determined mass of any neutron star. As a result, a measurement of its radius will provide unique insight into the properties of neutron star core matter at high densities. Here we report a radius measurement based on fits of rotating hot spot patterns to Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) and X-ray Multi-Mirror (XMM-Newton) X-ray observations. We find that the equatorial circumferential radius of PSR J0740$+$6620 is $13.7^{+2.6}_{-1.5}$ km (68%). We apply our measurement, combined with the previous NICER mass and radius measurement of PSR J0030$+$0451, the masses of two other $\sim 2~M_\odot$ pulsars, and the tidal deformability constraints from two gravitational wave events, to three different frameworks for equation of state modeling, and find consistent results at $\sim 1.5-3$ times nuclear saturation density. For a given framework, when all measurements are included the radius of a $1.4~M_\odot$ neutron star is known to $\pm 4$% (68% credibility) and the radius of a $2.08~M_\odot$ neutron star is known to $\pm 5$%. The full radius range that spans the $\pm 1\sigma$ credible intervals of all the radius estimates in the three frameworks is $12.45\pm 0.65$ km for a $1.4~M_\odot$ neutron star and $12.35\pm 0.75$ km for a $2.08~M_\odot$ neutron star.
871 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the density dependence of the symmetry energy at subnormal density was analyzed and the results from the present work were compared to constraints put forward in other recent analyses, where the results of the calculations reproduce isospin diffusion data from two different observables and the ratios of neutron and proton spectra.
Abstract: Collisions involving $^{112}\mathrm{Sn}$ and $^{124}\mathrm{Sn}$ nuclei have been simulated with the improved quantum molecular dynamics transport model. The results of the calculations reproduce isospin diffusion data from two different observables and the ratios of neutron and proton spectra. By comparing these data to calculations performed over a range of symmetry energies at saturation density and different representations of the density dependence of the symmetry energy, constraints on the density dependence of the symmetry energy at subnormal density are obtained. The results from the present work are compared to constraints put forward in other recent analyses.
730 citations
TL;DR: A new mechanism is proposed, which can exist only in the tunneling regime, for such nonsequential ionization of helium ionized by 120 fs, 614 nm laser pulses.
Abstract: We have measured the ion yields for helium ionized by 120 fs, 614 nm laser pulses for intensities near ${10}^{16}$ W/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$. We have found that for these ultrashort pulses the ${\mathrm{He}}^{+2}$ data exhibit a feature which saturates in parallel with the ${\mathrm{He}}^{+}$ signal indicating that the ionization may proceed nonsequentially. We propose a new mechanism, which can exist only in the tunneling regime, for such nonsequential ionization.
670 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a method of stably trapping, cooling, and manipulating atoms on a continuous-wave basis using resonance radiation pressure forces is proposed using highly focused laser beams and atomic beam injection should give a very deep trap for confining single atoms or gases at temperatures
Abstract: A method of stably trapping, cooling, and manipulating atoms on a continuous-wave basis is proposed using resonance radiation pressure forces. Use of highly focused laser beams and atomic beam injection should give a very deep trap for confining single atoms or gases at temperatures \ensuremath{\sim} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$ \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. An analysis of the saturation properties of radiation pressure forces is given.
638 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2026 | 8 |
| 2025 | 751 |
| 2024 | 1,333 |
| 2023 | 1,927 |
| 2022 | 3,467 |
| 2021 | 333 |