Topic
Salt aversion
About: Salt aversion is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 14 publications have been published within this topic receiving 610 citations.
Papers
TL;DR: It is proposed that the ‘co-opting’ of sour and bitter neural pathways evolved as a means to ensure that high levels of salt reliably trigger robust behavioural rejection, thus preventing its potentially detrimental effects on health.
Abstract: In the tongue, distinct classes of taste receptor cells detect the five basic tastes; sweet, sour, bitter, sodium salt and umami. Among these qualities, bitter and sour stimuli are innately aversive, whereas sweet and umami are appetitive and generally attractive to animals. By contrast, salty taste is unique in that increasing salt concentration fundamentally transforms an innately appetitive stimulus into a powerfully aversive one. This appetitive-aversive balance helps to maintain appropriate salt consumption, and represents an important part of fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. We have shown previously that the appetitive responses to NaCl are mediated by taste receptor cells expressing the epithelial sodium channel, ENaC, but the cellular substrate for salt aversion was unknown. Here we examine the cellular and molecular basis for the rejection of high concentrations of salts. We show that high salt recruits the two primary aversive taste pathways by activating the sour- and bitter-taste-sensing cells. We also demonstrate that genetic silencing of these pathways abolishes behavioural aversion to concentrated salt, without impairing salt attraction. Notably, mice devoid of salt-aversion pathways show unimpeded, continuous attraction even to very high concentrations of NaCl. We propose that the 'co-opting' of sour and bitter neural pathways evolved as a means to ensure that high levels of salt reliably trigger robust behavioural rejection, thus preventing its potentially detrimental effects on health.
350 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that the enzymatic function of tyrosine hydroxylase is vital and that reduced levels of dopamine result in akinesia and lethality, developmental retardation, and decreased fertility.
196 citations
TL;DR: It is found that the sensitivity of Na(x) channels to [Na(+)](o) is dose-dependently enhanced by endothelin-3 (ET-3), and results indicate that ET-3 expression in the SFO is tightly coupled with body-fluid homeostasis through modulation of the Na(+) sensitivity ofNa(x).
45 citations
TL;DR: Findings indicate that morphine conditioned a salt aversion, and although this aversion was not directly expressed, a second-order conditioning procedure was able to provide a more sensitive index of conditioning.
Abstract: Morphine failed to condition a salt taste aversion at a dose (15 mg/kg) sufficient to produce a robust aversion to a saccharin taste. Indeed, three different concentrations of salt (1%, 1.5%, and 2%) paired with the same morphine dose yielded no direct evidence for conditioned aversion. Yet, when a novel saccharin taste was paired in compound with the previously conditioned salt conditioned stimulus, we found evidence for a conditioning to the saccharin cue alone in three separate experiments. Control groups eliminated alternative accounts such as neophobia and differential exposure to morphine. Combined, these findings indicate that morphine conditioned a salt aversion. Although this aversion was not directly expressed, a second-order conditioning procedure was able to provide a more sensitive index of conditioning.
22 citations
TL;DR: Findings point to signals from the CT as playing a primary role in the NaCl aversion displayed by the intact F344 rat, and the effects of CTX are not secondary to desalivation.
Abstract: The chorda tympani nerve (CT) appears to be particularly responsive to NaCl stimulation of the tongue. However, in most strains of rat, bilateral transection of the CT (CTX) results in little alteration of salt preference. The Fischer 344 (F344) strain of rat is unusual in its lack of preference for any concentration of salt. We recently reported a dramatic change from aversion to preference for salt in F344 rats after CTX. The present studies further explored this alteration in salt preference of F344 rats with an expanded range of NaCl concentrations. Additionally, the specificity of the CT in mediating F344 salt aversion was examined by testing NaCl preference after glossopharyngeal nerve (GL) transections, combined CT and GL deafferentation, and partial desalivation. Comparison with Wistar rats revealed that salt preference of F344 CTX rats followed a typical preference/aversion pattern across a range of NaCl concentrations. Studies of GL section, either alone or combined with CT sectioning, indicated that F344 rats' aversion was dependent on the integrity of the CT and not the GL. Removal of sublingual and submaxillary salivary glands did not lead to preference changes similar to those after CTX, indicating that the effects of CTX are not secondary to desalivation. Overall, the findings point to signals from the CT as playing a primary role in the NaCl aversion displayed by the intact F344 rat.
21 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2016 | 1 |
| 2014 | 1 |
| 2013 | 3 |
| 2005 | 1 |
| 2002 | 1 |
| 1997 | 2 |