Topic
Salinometer
About: Salinometer is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 40 publications have been published within this topic receiving 184 citations.
Papers
TL;DR: In this article, a new density-salinity relation was proposed to verify the long-term stability of the standard seawater composition, based on such accurate density measurements, and the substitution measurement method used was described and density corrections for uniform isotopic and chemical compositions are reported.
Abstract: . The determination of salinity by means of electrical conductivity relies on stable salt proportions in the North Atlantic Ocean, because standard seawater, which is required for salinometer calibration, is produced from water of the North Atlantic. To verify the long-term stability of the standard seawater composition, it was proposed to perform measurements of the standard seawater density. Since the density is sensitive to all salt components, a density measurement can detect any change in the composition. A conversion of the density values to salinity can be performed by means of a density–salinity relation. To use such a relation with a target uncertainty in salinity comparable to that in salinity obtained from conductivity measurements, a density measurement with an uncertainty of 2 g m−3 is mandatory. We present a new density–salinity relation based on such accurate density measurements. The substitution measurement method used is described and density corrections for uniform isotopic and chemical compositions are reported. The comparison of densities calculated using the new relation with those calculated using the present reference equations of state TEOS-10 suggests that the density accuracy of TEOS-10 (as well as that of EOS-80) has been overestimated, as the accuracy of some of its underlying density measurements had been overestimated. The new density–salinity relation may be used to verify the stable composition of standard seawater by means of routine density measurements.
41 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the uncertainties of salinity values obtained from a laboratory salinometer and conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) measurements after laboratory calibration of a conductivity cell are assessed.
Abstract: . In the current state of the art, salinity is a quantity computed from conductivity ratio measurements, with temperature and pressure known at the time of the measurement, and using the Practical Salinity Scale algorithm of 1978 (PSS-78). This calculation gives practical salinity values S. The uncertainty expected in PSS-78 values is ±0.002, but no details have ever been given on the method used to work out this uncertainty, and the error sources to include in this calculation. Following a guide published by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), using two independent methods, this paper assesses the uncertainties of salinity values obtained from a laboratory salinometer and Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) measurements after laboratory calibration of a conductivity cell. The results show that the part due to the PSS-78 relations fits is sometimes as significant as the instrument's. This is particularly the case with CTD measurements where correlations between variables contribute mainly to decreasing the uncertainty of S, even when expanded uncertainties of conductivity cell calibrations are for the most part in the order of 0.002 mS cm−1. The relations given here, and obtained with the normalized GUM method, allow a real analysis of the uncertainties' sources and they can be used in a more general way, with instruments having different specifications.
29 citations
TL;DR: The use of a salinometer may be recommended to estimate the sodium content in foods and control one's sodium intake within the daily intake target as a way to promote cooking bland foods at home.
Abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Most Koreans consume nearly 70-80% of the total sodium through their dishes. The use of a salinometer to measure salinity is recommended to help individuals control their sodium intake. The purpose of this study was to compare sodium content through chemical analysis and salinity measurement in foods served by industry foodservice operations and homemade meals. MATERIALS/METHODS: Workplace and homemade meals consumed by employees in 15 cafeterias located in 8 districts in Daegu were collected and the sodium content was measured through chemical analysis and salinity measurements and then compared. The foods were categorized into 9 types of menus with 103 workplace meals and 337 homemade meals. RESULTS: Workplace meals did not differ significantly in terms of sodium content per 100 g of food but had higher sodium content via chemical analysis in roasted foods per portion. Homemade meals had higher broth salt content and higher salt content by chemical analysis per 100 g of roasted foods and hard-boiled foods. One-dish workplace meals had higher salinity (P CONCLUSIONS: The use of a salinometer may be recommended to estimate the sodium content in foods and control one’s sodium intake within the daily intake target as a way to promote cooking bland foods at home. However, estimated and actual measured values may differ.
12 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the salinity fluctuations and the turbulent fluxes sw and su were found to behave in a manner similar to the density fluctuations in a thermally stratified atmospheric boundary layer and a laboratory open channel flow.
Abstract: Measurements of salinity perturbations in a partially mixed estuary have been used to evaluate the usefulness of an inductive salinometer and to determine some of the characteristics of the salinity perturbations. The salinometer performed satisfactorily under most conditions. Although internal wave like effects were present, the turbulence fluctuations were dominant. The salinity fluctuations and the turbulent fluxes sw and su were found to behave in a manner similar to the density fluctuations in a thermally stratified atmospheric boundary layer and a laboratory open channel flow. A quadrant analysis suggested that the contribution of each quadrant to the turbulent flux changed with Ri. The turbulence parameters ν and cγ were found to decrease and increase respectively as Ri increases.
12 citations
1 Jan 1984
TL;DR: In this article, a Michelson type interferometer has been used for high precision refractive index measurements of liquids, especially for sea water analysis, using a simple electronical fringe counting technique with a reasonable resolution of 1/100 fringe.
Abstract: A Michelson type interferometer has been realized for high precision refractive index measurements of liquids, especially for sea water analysis Main features are two 4 cm long thermostated optical cuvettes for taking up the liquids under test, standard sea water or distilled water as reference liquid, respectively, and an automatically controlled continuously mixing valve The latter enables the use of a simple electronical fringe counting technique with a reasonable resolution of 1/100 fringe, allowing eg for salinity determinations with a precision of less than 4 \times 10^{-4}\permil
10 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2020 | 1 |
| 2019 | 1 |
| 2018 | 1 |
| 2017 | 2 |
| 2016 | 1 |
| 2015 | 2 |