TL;DR: The evidence is less informative than expected because of several problems that continue to plague research on child and adolescent disorders and progress in understanding the epidemiology of child disorders will largely depend on whether future research successfully meets these challenges.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was done to update and expand information given in recent reviews, provide a more systematic critique of past research, identify current research trends and issues, and explore possible strategies for future research in child psychiatric epidemiology. METHOD: The authors identified and reviewed 52 studies done over the past four decades that attempted to estimate the overall prevalence of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders. RESULTS: About as many studies have been published since 1980 as were published before. Sample sizes ranged from 58 to 8,462; most were in the 500–1,000 range. Studies were carried out in over 20 countries, most frequently the United States and the United Kingdom. Subjects' ages ranged from 1 to 18 years. Rutter's criteria were the most frequently used for case definition; more recent studies were more likely to use DSM criteria. The most frequently used interview was the Rutter schedule. The most common time frame for calculating prevalence was the presen...
TL;DR: The fifth edition provides a coherent appraisal of the current state of the field to help trainee and practising clinicians in their daily work and offers an entirely new section on conceptual approaches, and several new chapters.
Abstract: Rutter's Child and Adolescent Psychiatry is the leading textbook in its field.
Both interdisciplinary and international, it provides a coherent appraisal of the current state of the field to help researchers, trainees and practicing clinicians in their daily work. Integrating science and clinical practice, it is a comprehensive reference for all aspects of child and adolescent psychiatry.
New to this full color edition are expanded coverage on classification, including the newly revised Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), and new chapters on systems neuroscience, relationship-based treatments, resilience, global psychiatry, and infant mental health.
From an international team of expert editors and contributors, this sixth edition is essential reading for all professionals working and learning in the fields of child and adolescent mental health and developmental psychopathology as well as for clinicians working in primary care and pediatric settings.
Michael Rutter has contributed a number of new chapters and a Foreword for this edition: "I greatly welcome this new edition as providing both a continuity with the past and a substantial new look."
-Professor Sir Michael Rutter, extract from Foreword.
Reviews of previous editions:
"This book is by far the best textbook of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry written to date."
-Dr Judith Rapoport, NIH
"The editors and the authors are to be congratulated for providing us with such a high standard for a textbook on modern child psychiatry. I strongly recommend this book to every child psychiatrist who wants a reliable, up-to-date, comprehensive, informative and very useful textbook. To my mind this is the best book of its kind available today."
-Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
TL;DR: A positive association appears to exist between adversity indicators and the risk for ADHD as well as for its associated psychiatric, cognitive, and psychosocial impairments.
Abstract: Background: This study investigated whether familyenvironment risk factors are associated with attentiondeficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Compelling work by Rutter and coworkers revealed that it was the aggregate of adversity factors (severe marital discord, low social class, large family size, paternal criminality, maternal mental disorder, and foster care placement) rather than the presence of any single factor that led to impaired development. Based on the work of Rutter, we hypothesized a positive association between indicators of adversity and the diagnosis of ADHD and ADHD-associated impairments. Methods: We studied 140 ADHD and 120 normal control probands. Subjects were non-Hispanic white boys between the ages of 6 and 17 years. Rutter's indicators of adversity were used to predict ADHD-related psychopathology as well as impaired cognitive and psychosocial functioning. Results: The odds ratio for the diagnosis of ADHD increased as the number of Rutter's adversity indicators increased. Higher scores on Rutter's adversity index predicted ADHD-related psychopathology (depression, anxiety, and conduct disorder), learning disabilities, cognitive impairment, and psychosocial dysfunction. Conclusions: A positive association appears to exist between adversity indicators and the risk for ADHD as well as for its associated psychiatric, cognitive, and psychosocial impairments. These findings support the work of Rutter and stress the importance of adverse family-environment variables as risk factors for children with ADHD.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a study of time trends in psychosocial disorders of youth and explain the causes of such disorders, focusing on three types of disorders: depression, crime and conduct disorder.
Abstract: Partial table of contents: OBJECTIVES AND METHODS. Causal Concepts and Their Testing (M. Rutter). Individual Development and Social Change (G. Caprara & M. Rutter). CHANGING CONDITIONS AND INDIVIDUAL DEVELOPMENT. Changing Family Patterns in Western Europe: Opportunity and Risk Factors for Adolescent Development (L. Hess). Living Conditions in the Twentieth Century (D. Smith). Media and Problem Behaviours in Young People (E. Wartella). THE TARGET DISORDERS. Youth Crime and Conduct Disorders: Trends, Patterns and Causal Explanations (D. Smith). Secular Trends in Substance Use: Concepts and Data on the Impact of Social Change on Alcohol and Drug Abuse (R. Silbereisen, et al.). Depressive Disorders: Time Trends and Possible Explanatory Mechanisms (E. Fombonne). CONCLUSIONS. Time Trends in Psychosocial Disorders of Youth (D. Smith & M. Rutter). Towards Causal Explanations of Time Trends in Psychosocial Disorders of Youth (M. Rutter & D. Smith). Index.
TL;DR: Psychosocial Disorders in Young People targets disorders that tend to rise or peak in frequency during the teenage years, including crime; suicide and suicidal behaviour; depression; eating disorders (anorexia nervosa and bulimia); and the abuse of alcohol and psychoactive drugs.
Abstract: Ed Michael Rutter, David J Smith Wiley, £49.95, pp 843 ISBN 0 471 95054 8
Written by a European academic study group, with contributions by experts in child and adolescent psychiatry, criminology, and epidemiology, Psychosocial Disorders in Young People targets disorders that tend “to rise or peak in frequency during the teenage years.” These are: crime; suicide and suicidal behaviour; depression; eating disorders (anorexia nervosa and bulimia); and the abuse of alcohol and psychoactive drugs. The study explores individual development and other relevant factors within …