TL;DR: Overall, imazapyr provided the best desired results with significant increase in seedling growth and better control of shrub species with no significant effects on grass and other herbaceous species cover.
Abstract: A study was conducted on a Coastal Plain flatwoods site in Florida to determine the effects of common forestry herbicides on Longleaf pine seedling survival and growth and on the understory vegetation. Following removal of the overstory slash pine, five low-rate herbicide treatments were applied over the top of planted Longleaf pine seedlings to provide short-term understory vegetation control and accelerate seedling growth. The objective was to increase Longleaf pine growth by reducing the shrub competition while increasing the herbaceous ground cover. Despite causing reduction in seedling survival over the control treatment, imazapyr (0.21 ae kg/ha) resulted in the highest seedling growth (height and volume). The significant reduction of shrub cover, density, and height by imazapyr was believed to be responsible for the improved seedling growth in this treatment. Both hexazinone (0.56 ai kg/ha) and sulfometuron methyl (0.26 ai kg/ha) + hexazinone (0.56 ai kg/ha) treatments also reduced cover of Runner oak, a major shrub species, but the response was evident only 8 months after treatment. Although sulfometuron methyl (0.26 ai kg/ha) and sulfometuron methyl + hexazinone treatments did not result in any significant change in overall grass, forb, and shrub cover, both treatments resulted in greater Longleaf pine growth compared to the control. None of the herbicides significantly affected the major understory grasses and forbs. Overall, imazapyr provided the best desired results with significant increase in seedling growth and better control of shrub species with no significant effects on grass and other herbaceous species cover.
TL;DR: In this article, relative plant abundance, canopy cover, and aerial biomass of shrubs on a poor condition, flatwoods range in south Florida were measured before, 1, and 3 yr after a single pass of a roller chopper or web plow when soils were dry (May 1981) and when soil were saturated (September 1981).
Abstract: Relative plant abundance, canopy cover, and aerial biomass of shrubs on a poor condition, flatwoods range in south Florida were measured before, 1, and 3 yr after a single pass of a roller chopper or web plow when soils were dry (May 1981) and when soils were saturated (September 1981). Aerial biomass of herbaceous species was measured at the post-treatment sample dates. Abundance of saw-palmetto (Serenoa repens (Bartr.) Small) plants, the dominant shrub, was reduced 70%o by web plowing compared to 25% by roller chopping. Reductions of saw-palmetto canopy cover and aerial biomass also were greater on web-plowed than on roller-chopped plots. Runner oak (Quercus minima (Sarg.) Small) was the only other shrub which had more than 5% canopy cover before treatment. Both types of mechanical treatments controlled runner oak by approximately 50%o. However, responses of runner oak abundance, canopy cover, and aerial biomass were not significantly different between roller chop and web plow treatments.
TL;DR: A total of 56 species and one lichenicolous lichen species were found, representing 17 families with Graphidaceae bearing the most (14) species) as discussed by the authors, and several species recorded were also recently reported or newly described from South Florida, which has a tropical climate and ecoregion that are distinct in the continental United States.
Abstract: Lichens from an unusually large, arborescent runner oak (Quercus pumila) from Miami-Dade County, Florida, were collected and inventoried. A total of 56 lichen species and one lichenicolous lichen species were found, representing 17 families with Graphidaceae bearing the most (14) species. Several species recorded were also recently reported or newly described from South Florida, which has a tropical climate and ecoregion that are distinct in the continental United States. Some lichen species (especially crustose Arthoniaceae and Graphidaceae) are twig specialists not normally found on trunks and branches; therefore, future studies of lichen diversity on single trees should include as much twig material as possible.