Topic
Romanization
About: Romanization is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 547 publications have been published within this topic receiving 6547 citations. The topic is also known as: romanisation & latinization.
Papers published on a yearly basis
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Papers
Book•
7 Jun 2010
TL;DR: The World's Writing Systems as mentioned in this paper is a collection of more than eighty articles contributed by expert scholars in the field, organized in twelve units, each dealing with a particular group of writing systems defined historically, geographically, or conceptually.
Abstract: The World's Writing Systems meets the need for a definitive volume on the major historical and modern writing systems of the world. Comprising more than eighty articles contributed by expert scholars in the field, the work is organized in twelve units, each dealing with a particular group of writing systems defined historically, geographically, or conceptually. Each unit begins with an introductory article providing the social and cultural context in which the group of writing systems was created and developed. Articles on individual scripts detail the historical origin of the writing system in question, its structure (with tables showing the forms of the written symbols), and its relationship to the phonology of the corresponding spoken language. Each writing system is illustrated by a passage of text, accompanied by a romanized version, a phonetic transcription, and a modern English translation. Each article concludes with a bibliography. Units are arranged according to the chronological development of writing systems and their historical relationship within geographical areas. First, there is a discussion of the earliest scripts of the ancient Near East. Subsequent units focus on the scripts of East Asia, the writing systems of Europe, Asia, and Africa that have descended from ancient West Semitic ("Phoenician"), and the scripts of South and Southeast Asia. Other units deal with the recent and ongoing process of decipherment of ancient writing systems; the adaptation of traditional scripts to new languages; new scripts invented in modern times; and graphic systems for numerical, music, and movement notation. The result is a comprehensive resource of all of the major writing systems of the world.
641 citations
TL;DR: This study presents different approaches for extraction of transliteration proper-noun pairs from parallel corpora based on different similarity measures between the English and romanized Arabic proper nouns under consideration.
Abstract: Proper nouns may be considered the most important query words in information retrieval. If the two languages use the same alphabet, the same proper nouns can be found in either language. However, if the two languages use different alphabets, the names must be transliterated. Short vowels are not usually marked on Arabic words in almost all Arabic documents (except very important documents like the Muslim and Christian holy books). Moreover, most Arabic words have a syllable consisting of a consonant-vowel combination (CV), which means that most Arabic words contain a short or long vowel between two successive consonant letters. That makes it difficult to create English-Arabic transliteration pairs, since some English letters may not be matched with any romanized Arabic letter. In the present study, we present different approaches for extraction of transliteration proper-noun pairs from parallel corpora based on different similarity measures between the English and romanized Arabic proper nouns under consideration. The strength of our new system is that it works well for low-frequency proper noun pairs. We evaluate the new approaches presented using two different English-Arabic parallel corpora. Most of our results outperform previously published results in terms of precision, recall, and F-Measure. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
538 citations
TL;DR: The nature and reality of Romanization in the east of the Roman empire is controversial as discussed by the authors, with the most influential accounts of Romanisation in the western provinces pointing out that Greek was already the language of culture, of government and of inter-regional trade, and the Romans carried further the process of Hellenization.
Abstract: The nature, and indeed the reality, of Romanization in the east is controversial. One of the most influential accounts of Romanization in the western provinces notes that ‘by contrast, where Greek was already the language of culture, of government and of inter-regional trade, the Romans carried further the process of Hellenization … in general what was specifically Latin in the common civilization of the empire made little impact in the east’, the exceptions being the influence of Roman law and the popularity of gladiatorial games. That verdict endorsed the view that ‘the emperors made no attempt to romanise the Greek speaking provinces’, which saw the foundation of cities as a continuance of Hellenistic royal practice, and which regarded the establishment of the rare eastern colonies as motivated by practical considerations rather than any attempt at encouraging cultural assimilation. More recently, a fuller survey of exceptions to this general rule nevertheless concluded that ‘On the one hand, the culture and identity of the Greek east remained fundamentally rooted in the Classical past. On the other hand, the visible presence of Rome, outside those zones where the legions were stationed, was extremely slight.’
404 citations
Book•
31 Jul 2009TL;DR: In this paper, 19 papers examine varied responses to Romanization, and how this affects our view of the development of the Roman Empire and how Romanization affects our perception of Roman imperialism, as the triumph of a superior and more advanced culture over primitive communities that resulted in the creation of a very uniform political and cultural entity.
Abstract: Nineteen papers examining varied responses to Romanization, and how this affects our view of the development of the Roman Empire.
The traditional view of the Romanization is as the triumph of a superior and more advanced culture over primitive communities that was brought about by military expansion and which resulted in the creation of a very uniform political and cultural entity. It is only in the last twenty years that the variety of responses that Romanization elicited among the various ethnic groups, social classes, genders, spheres and even within the same person in different conjunctures of his or her life have begun to be appreciated. This new perspective has deep implications for our perception of Roman imperialism. The aim of this collection of papers is to further understanding of Romanization at a formative stage; early Roman expansion in Italy. There is much evidence for bi-directional negotiation between Italian communities and Rome. Understanding the motivation of the Italian peoples to become part of a new political entity is crucial to knowing how Roman Italy was kept together for more than half a millennium. Seven papers also examine responses to Romanization in other areas of the empire.
302 citations
301 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2025 | 29 |
| 2024 | 65 |
| 2023 | 126 |
| 2022 | 94 |
| 2021 | 11 |
| 2020 | 24 |