Riza

Abstract: Indian Muslims in the 19th century lived in an era of great political, social and economic change brought about by colonial rule. North Indian scholars of the Islamic sciences attributed the Muslim loss of political power to moral weaknesses within their own community. This study examines the ways in which one important school of theologians attempted to shape the renewal of their community, and is based on a close examination of the works of its leading scholar, Ahmed Riza Khan Barelwi.

Abstract: For the nationalist elite of early Pahlavi Iran, the regime's military successes over tribal opposition, whether real or imagined, were welcomed and celebrated. These successes were interpreted as confirmation of their views of tribal power as hostile to modernity, archaic and outmoded, and of Riza Shah as the deliverer of Iran's national salvation. This conceptualization of the “tribal problem” had appeared in tandem with and as a product of modernist ideology in the late nineteenth century, acquired the backing of state power with the rise of the Pahlavi dynasty, and endured until the revolution of 1979. It communicated itself, in diluted form, to Western scholarship, which has been largely content to depict Riza Shah's tribal policies as regrettably brutal, but an unavoidable stage in Iran's progress and “modernization.” Yet this version of tribe–state relations is clearly an ideological construct rather than an historical analysis. The account which follows begins a re-evaluation of tribal politics in...

Abstract: List of plates List of text figures List of maps List of genealogical tables List of tables Preface: Editorial note Introduction Part I. The Political Framework, 1722-1979 1. Nadir Shah and the Afsharid legacy Peter Avery 2. The Zand dynasty John Perry 3. Agha Muhammad Khan and the establishment of the Qajar dynasty Gavin R. G. Hambly 4. Iran during the reigns of Fath 'Ali Shah and Muhammad Shah Gavin R. G. Hambly 5. Iran under the later Qajars, 1848-1922 Nikki Keddie and Mehrdad Amanat 6. The Pahlavi autocracy: Riza Shah, 1921-1941 Gavin R. G. Hambly 7. The Pahlavi autocracy: Muhammad Riza Shah, 1941-1979 Gavin R. G. Hambly Part II. Foreign Relations: 8. Iranian relations with the Ottoman Empire in the eighteenth- and nineteenth-centuries Stanford Shaw 9. Iranian relations with Russia and the Soviet Union to 1921 F. Kazemzadeh 10. Iranian relations with the European Trading Companies to 1798 Rose Greaves 11. Iranian relations with Great Britain and British India, 1798-1921 Rose Greaves 12. Iranian foreign policy, 1921-1979 Amin Saikal Part III. Economic And Social Developments: 13. Land tenure and revenue administration in the nineteenth century A. K. S. Lambton 14. The tribes in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Iran Richard Tapper 15. The traditional Iranian city in the Qajar period Gavin R. G. Hambly 16. European economic penetration, 1872-1921 Charles Issawi 17. Economic development, 1921-1979 K. S. MacLachlan 18. The Iranian oil industry Ronald Ferrier Part IV.Religious And Cultural Life, 1721-1979 19. Religious forces in eighteenth-and nineteenth-century Iran Hamid Algar 20. Religious forces in twentieth-century Iran Hamid Algar 21. Popular entertainment, media and social change in twentieth-century Iran Peter Chelkowski 22. Painting, the press and literature in modern Iran Peter Avery 23. Persian painting under the Zand and Qajar dynasties B. W. Robinson 24. The arts of the eighteenth to twentieth centuries: architecture ceramics metalwork textiles Jennifer Scarce.