TL;DR: In this paper, the distinction between different generations of quarks and leptons is given by the X -number, which does not lead to massless Goldstone bosons or to new anomalies and is already contained in the theory.
TL;DR: In this paper, a new mechanism for dynamical symmetry breaking in composite models of quarks and leptons is proposed, where quarks are hypercolor-singlet composites of fundamental fermions which are bound by hypercolor forces.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the characteristics of quarks and leptons and a review of the development of models for the electroweak and the color force, reasons for considering quarks as composite particles are given.
Abstract: Following a description of the characteristics of quarks and leptons and a review of the development of models for the electroweak and the color force, reasons for considering quarks and leptons as composite particles are given. Two composite models, the preon model and the rishon model, are then discussed and possible experimental tests are considered. (KAW)
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed proton decays and neutron oscillations in the rishon model and showed that the leading decays violate B−L (e.g., p→νπ+) and cannot be detected in the foreseeable future.
TL;DR: In this paper, it is argued that important information on the emergence of space is hidden at the quark/hadron level and that space is an attribute of matter rather than a property of matter.
Abstract: It is argued that important information on the emergence of space is hidden at the quark/hadron level. The arguments follow from the acceptance of the conception that space is an attribute of matter. They involve in particular the discussion of possibly relevant mass and distance scales, the generalization of the concept of mass as suggested by the phase-space-based explanation of the rishon model, and the phenomenological conclusions on the structure of excited baryons that are implied by baryon spectroscopy. A counterpart of the Eddington-Weinberg relation concerning Regge towers of hadronic resonances is noted.