Reverse stock split

Abstract: I use event date methodology to examine the market reaction to reverse stock splits in Hong Kong market from 1991 to 2001. I first investigate the prospectuses distributed by reverse-splitting firms. Four major reasons are provided in firms' prospectuses: 1. Reverse splits will reduce transaction costs for dealings in the consolidated shares; 2. Reverse splits will improve the flexibility in pricing new issue when needed; 3. Share consolidation should raise the profile of the company among institutional and international investors; 4. Directors believe there exists a favorable stock price range, and reverse splits are therefore be used to bring the market value of the shares into a range that the firms consider more appropriate. I find that the abnormal returns around the announcement date are negative and small firms have stronger negative reaction. This result is consistent with the event studies in the U.S. market [Lamoureux and Poon (1987), Peterson and Peterson (1992)]. However, this negative response is contrary to the results in Canada where market reacts positively with a cumulative abnormal return of 9.3 percent on the announcement date that is thereafter maintained [Masse et al. (1997)]. No significant market response to the ex-date is observed. The adjusted trading volume increases considerably after reverse splits. This result partially suggests that the reverse stock improve the liquidity of the stock. The majority of the reverse-splitting firms do not change their board lot size after splits, they therefore reduce transacting costs. The relative tick sizes, which also affect the transaction cost, decrease significantly after splitting. My analysis of the cross-sectional distribution of the split factor provides no support for the "optimal stock price range" hypothesis. Hence, the reverse stock splits can be viewed as a passive reaction to a decayed firm performance rather than an active means to achieve a specific objective.

Abstract: This study compares firms that implement multiple reverse stock splits to firms with only one reverse stock split. Reverse stock splits are usually implemented by firms trying to increase their stock price to remain listed on stock exchanges or widen stock ownership especially by institutional investors. Firms that declare multiple reverse splits tend to have lower returns following the reverse split and even less liquidity than one reverse split firms. Sixty five percent of the firms with multiple reverse splits end up being liquidated or delisted. If one reverse split is viewed as desperation, then multiple reverse stock splits are a sign of extreme distress.

Abstract: We show that both the number of institutional investors and the percentage of shares that are held by institutional investors increase significantly after reverse splits with a pre-split price lower than $5 and a target price higher than $5. This effect is larger than for other comparable reverse splits. These results suggest institutional holdings are affected by the prudent-person rule and reverse splits are used by firms to alleviate this constraint. We also show that an increase in institutional holdings that results from reverse splits is associated with an increase in share price.

Abstract: This research aims to empirically study stock liquidity differences between before and after reverse stock split done by companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange. Liquidity is measured by means of Trading Volume Activity (TVA). To test the hypothesis nonparametric test, Wilcoxon test, is used. Nonparametric test is in use for the data that are not nonnally distributed. The result shows that there is a significant difference between stock liquidity before and after reverse stock split