Topic
Retort
About: Retort is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2855 publications have been published within this topic receiving 31668 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
1 / 3
Papers
Patent•
10 Apr 1963
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe a process in which oil shale is distilled in situ or in retort by introducing natural gas at a temperature (350 DEG to 500 DEG C) and at a pressure (150 to 500 p.s.i.
Abstract: Oil shale is distilled in situ or in a retort by introducing natural gas at a temperature (350 DEG to 500 DEG C.) and at a pressure (150 to 500 p.s.i.g.) sufficient to exert a combined thermal and solvent action on the kerogen content of the shale. In one embodiment the natural gas is passed down an injection well and up several extraction wells, see Fig. 1 (not shown), distillation vapours being condensed and separated and the gas recompressed and reheated, e.g. in a gas-fired furnace, for return to the injection well. Natural gas from an external source is delivered to the circuit and to the furnace burner. The pressure of the gas may be varied periodically to provide a pulsating effect. One product of the process is a shale oil having an API gravity at 60 DEG F. of 29.5.
325 citations
Patent•
10 Mar 1975
TL;DR: In this paper, a selected part of the oil shale is heated by one or more electrical induction coils arranged in a quasi-toroidal configuration to temperatures high enough to drive off hydrocarbon fractions as gases or vapors, which are then collected and utilized in surface operations or recovered for transportation or temporary storage.
Abstract: A method of extracting hydrocarbons in situ from an underground hydrocarbon deposit such as oil shale. A selected part of the deposit is heated by one or more electrical induction coils arranged in a quasi-toroidal configuration to temperatures high enough to drive off hydrocarbon fractions as gases or vapors, which are then collected and utilized in surface operations or recovered for transportation or temporary storage. The deposit may optionally be heated through a coking and cracking stage. Any remaining hydrocarbons may be burned in situ and the combustion gases utilized for energy. Steam may be obtained by injecting water into the heated shale after extraction of the hydrocarbons.
320 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, isothermal and nonisothermal methods have been used to investigate the kinetics of oil generation during decomposition of 91.7 ml/kg (22 U.S. gal/short ton) Colorado oil shale.
314 citations
TL;DR: Zhao et al. as mentioned in this paper introduced the intensive researches conducted by Zhao's team on oil shale retorting, as well as the progress of oil shale in-situ conversion technology in the world.
312 citations
Patent•
15 Nov 1963TL;DR: In this paper, a well is drilled into the shale formation and two additional wells are also drilled, one on each side of the first well, and free oxygen is injected into the fractured formation to support combustion.
Abstract: This is a method for the recovery of shale oil by in-situ combustion operation. A well is drilled into the shale formation and 2 additional wells are also drilled, one on each side of the first well. The formation is fractured through the third well and thereafter free oxygen is injected into the fractured formation to support combustion in the fractured formation. By burning the fractured formation, a cavern is formed and the free oxygen is injected at a sufficient velocity to form a fluidized bed in the cavern. In the lower portion of the cavern, a burning zone is provided and, in the upper portion, a retorting and cracking zone. Raw shale is fed into the fluidized bed and the cavern is enlarged by progressive upward caving of the cavern roof achieved by explosives, hydraulic fracturing, or other techniques. Shale oil and combustion products are formed in the cavern and are removed through the second well.
294 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2025 | 25 |
| 2024 | 43 |
| 2023 | 53 |
| 2022 | 50 |
| 2021 | 20 |
| 2020 | 30 |