Topic
Rete testis
About: Rete testis is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 916 publications have been published within this topic receiving 23390 citations.
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1 / 2
Papers
TL;DR: Estrogens are important physiological regulators in males, and future studies may reveal additional roles for estrogen signaling in various target tissues.
Abstract: Estrogens have historically been associated with female reproduction, but work over the last two decades established that estrogens and their main nuclear receptors (ESR1 and ESR2) and G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) also regulate male reproductive and nonreproductive organs. 17β-Estradiol (E2) is measureable in blood of men and males of other species, but in rete testis fluids, E2 reaches concentrations normally found only in females and in some species nanomolar concentrations of estrone sulfate are found in semen. Aromatase, which converts androgens to estrogens, is expressed in Leydig cells, seminiferous epithelium, and other male organs. Early studies showed E2 binding in numerous male tissues, and ESR1 and ESR2 each show unique distributions and actions in males. Exogenous estrogen treatment produced male reproductive pathologies in laboratory animals and men, especially during development, and studies with transgenic mice with compromised estrogen signaling demonstrated an E2 role in normal male physiology. Efferent ductules and epididymal functions are dependent on estrogen signaling through ESR1, whose loss impaired ion transport and water reabsorption, resulting in abnormal sperm. Loss of ESR1 or aromatase also produces effects on nonreproductive targets such as brain, adipose, skeletal muscle, bone, cardiovascular, and immune tissues. Expression of GPER is extensive in male tracts, suggesting a possible role for E2 signaling through this receptor in male reproduction. Recent evidence also indicates that membrane ESR1 has critical roles in male reproduction. Thus estrogens are important physiological regulators in males, and future studies may reveal additional roles for estrogen signaling in various target tissues.
389 citations
TL;DR: This work investigated the immunohistochemical localization of androgen receptor (AR) using a polyclonal antibody for 55 KD recombinant human AR in human tissues fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde solution to study the role of EMT in the localization of AR.
Abstract: We investigated the immunohistochemical localization of androgen receptor (AR) using a polyclonal antibody for 55 KD recombinant human AR in human tissues fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde solution and embedded in paraffin. Immunoreactive AR was restricted to the nuclei of various tissues. Among the well-known androgen target organs, secretory cells and basal cells of the prostate, spermatogonia, spermatocytes, Sertoli cells and Leydig cells of the testis, epithelial cells of the rete testis, fibroblasts in the whole organ, squamous cells, sweat gland and hair follicle cells of the skin, and hepatocytes of the liver were positive for AR. In addition, smooth muscle cells of the prostate, uterus, urinary bladder, gastrointestinal tract, arteries, and arterioles were strongly immunoreactive for AR. Cardiac muscle and striated muscle of psoas were positive for AR. Acinar cells, ductal cells, and myoepithelial cells of the breast, endocervical and endometrial cells of the uterus, cyto- and syncytiotrophoblast of the chorionic villi, and tubules of the kidney were also positive for AR. Most FSH, LH, and some GH endocrine cells in the anterior and posterior lobes of the pituitary gland, follicular cells of the thyroid gland, and adrenocortical cells were positive for AR. Cells immunoreactive for AR were ubiquitously distributed throughout the entire body. The present study demonstrated the diversity of androgen effects on many target tissues.
304 citations
TL;DR: The application of this technique is the first successful attempt of a germ cell transfer in a primate and Ultrasound-guided intratesticular rete testis injection was the best and least invasive injection technique with maximal infusion efficiency for larger testes.
Abstract: Germ cell transplantation is a potentially valuable technique offering oncological patients gonadal protection by reinitiating spermatogenesis from stem cells which were reinfused into the seminiferous tubules. In order to achieve an intratubular germ cell transfer, intratubular microinjection, efferent duct injections and rete testis injections were applied on dissected testes of four different species: rat, bull, monkey and man. Ultrasound-guided intratesticular rete testis injection was the best and least invasive injection technique with maximal infusion efficiency for larger testes. Deep infiltration of seminiferous tubules was only achieved in immature or partially regressed testes. This technique was applied in vivo on two cynomolgus monkeys. In the first monkey a deep infusion of injected cells and dye into the lumen of the seminiferous tubules was achieved. In the second, transplanted germ cells were present in the seminiferous epithelium 4 weeks after the transfer. These cells were morphologically identified as B-spermatogonia and located at the base of the seminiferous epithelium. In summary, this paper describes a promising approach for germ cell infusion into large testes. The application of this technique is the first successful attempt of a germ cell transfer in a primate.
281 citations
TL;DR: Looking for the presence of a specific FSH-suppressing agent in ovarian follicular fluid is looked for by comparing the effects of fluid and peripheral plasma on the levels of FSH and LH in newly castrated male rats.
Abstract: THE negative feedback action of testicular steroids on circulating levels of luteinising hormone (LH) is well known. It is less clear how the testis influences follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). The existence of ‘inhibin’, a water-soluble testicular product that inhibits the secretion of FSH, was first postulated in 1932 (ref. 1); recently, inhibin activity has been detected in rete testis fluid2, testicular tissue3, spermatozoa4 and seminal plasma5. Immunisation of rabbits with the inhibin fraction of bull seminal plasma has produced an antiserum which raised plasma FSH levels when injected into male and female rats6. It has been suggested7 that, in the male, inhibin may be produced by the Sertoli cells of the testis. If this is the case, one wonders if inhibin could also be produced by granulosa cells of the ovary. We have, therefore, looked for the presence of a specific FSH-suppressing agent in ovarian follicular fluid by comparing the effects of fluid and peripheral plasma on the levels of FSH and LH in newly castrated male rats.
271 citations
1 Jan 1980
TL;DR: It has been concluded that the blood-testis barrier is not in the capillary wall but in the peritubular wall, and that the myoid cell layer acts as a partial barrier while the specialized Sertoli junction constitutes a basic and essential blood- testis barrier.
Abstract: The existence of the blood-testis barrier has been established morphologically and physiologically in some experimental animals such as guinea pigs, rats and mice. Since the seminiferous tubules were not stained by intravenously injected dyes, it was at first assumed that the blood-testis barrier probably located in the capillary wall of the testis, as with the blood-brain barrier (Kormano 1967). By cannulation into the rete testis of the ram, however, it has been demonstrated physiologically that there are some differences between components of testicular fluid and testicular lymph, and that the components of blood and testicular lymph are almost the same. Some substances tested (urea, ethanol, Na, K, Cl, creatinine, etc.) passed into the testicular fluid and testicular lymph, while others (inulin, para-amino-hippuric acid, albumin, etc.) passed readily into the testicular lymph but did not enter the testicular fluid. It has been concluded, therefore, that the blood-testis barrier is not in the capillary wall but in the peritubular wall (Setchell 1967, 1970). Electron-microscopic study, using the tracer method, has revealed that the penetration of the electron-dense tracer into the seminiferous tubules was prevented by the tight junction between the myoid cells and the Sertoli cell tight junction (Fawcett et al. 1970). At present it is considered that the myoid cell layer acts as a partial barrier while the specialized Sertoli junction constitutes a basic and essential blood-testis barrier.
242 citations
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| Year | Papers |
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| 2025 | 4 |
| 2024 | 10 |
| 2023 | 17 |
| 2022 | 19 |
| 2021 | 27 |
| 2020 | 9 |