TL;DR: In this paper, a simple-to-implement estimation technique that operates over a wide speed range, including zero speed, was proposed to decouple the inherent cross-coupling in salient-pole permanent magnet synchronous motors.
Abstract: This paper addresses self-sensing ("sensorless") control of salient-pole permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs). The major contribution of this work is the introduction of a simple-to-implement estimation technique that operates over a wide speed range, including zero speed. The technique achieves simplicity by decoupling the inherent cross-coupling in PMSMs. The technique utilizes the dependence of inductance on rotor position in interior permanent magnet machines to produce position and velocity estimates both for field orientation and for all motion control of the drives. The technique functions in a manner similar to a resolver and resolver-to-digital converter (RTDC) sensing system, whereby in the proposed technique the motor acts as the electromagnetic resolver and the power converter applies carrier-frequency voltages to the stator which produce high-frequency currents that vary with position. The sensed currents are then processed with a heterodyning technique that produces a signal that is approximately proportional to the difference between the actual rotor position and an estimated rotor position. This position error signal and a torque estimate are then used as inputs to a Luenberger style observer to produce parameter insensitive, zero lag, position and velocity estimates.
TL;DR: In this article, a method and apparatus that compensates for a velocity of a motor of a fuel cell vehicle when a resolver is determined to have failed is provided, in which a wheel velocity sensor is configured to detect the wheel velocities of a driving wheel, and an ABS controller calculates an average wheel velocity and transmits the calculated average to the fuel cell controller.
Abstract: A method and apparatus that compensates for a velocity of a motor of fuel cell vehicle when a resolver is determined to have failed is provided. In particular, a wheel velocity sensor is configured to detect a wheel velocity of a driving wheel, and an ABS controller is configured to calculate an average wheel velocity and transmit the calculated average to a fuel cell controller (FCU). The FCU is configured to receive information related to the wheel velocity upon detecting that the resolver has failed, and control driving of the motor based on the data related to the wheel velocity so that the motor may maintain operation.
TL;DR: In this article, a programmable apparatus for digital processing of video signals from multiple sources converted to digital format to provide real-time multiple simultaneous special video effects and suitable for direct interface to a conventional microcomputer bus such as an Apple Macintosh II NuBus.
Abstract: Programmable apparatus for digital processing of video signals from multiple sources converted to digital format to provide real-time multiple simultaneous special video effects and suitable for direct interface to a conventional microcomputer bus such as an Apple Macintosh II NuBus. The apparatus includes a matrix of multipliers to do real-time video processing permitting special effects such as fading between at least two video image sources, as well as a priority resolver to control display on a pixel by pixel basis of more than ten sources based upon dynamically programmable priority. In addition, a programmable multiple range thresholder, a hardware window generator capable of generating multiple simultaneous windows, a color look up table and optional image capture capabilities are provided. The apparatus also provides for a light pen input, genlocking and a range of special video effects including zooming, mosaicing, panning and blending.
TL;DR: This work introduces a simple-to-implement estimation technique that operates over a wide speed range, including zero speed, and achieves simplicity by decoupling the inherent cross-coupling in PMSMs.
Abstract: This paper addresses self-sensing ("sensorless") control of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs). The major contribution of this work is the introduction of a simple-to-implement estimation technique that operates over a wide speed range, including zero speed. The technique achieves simplicity by decoupling the inherent cross-coupling in PMSMs. The technique utilizes the dependence of inductance on rotor position in interior permanent magnet machines to produce position and velocity estimates both for field orientation and for all motion control of the drives. The technique functions in a manner similar to a resolver and resolver-to-digital converter sensing system, whereby in the proposed technique the motor acts as the electromagnetic resolver and the power converter applies carrier frequency voltages to the stator which produce high frequency currents that vary with position. The sensed currents are then processed with a heterodyning technique that produces a signal that is approximately proportional to the difference between the actual rotor position and an estimated rotor position. This position error signal and a torque estimate are then used as inputs to a Luenberger style observer to produce parameter, zero lag, position and velocity estimates.
TL;DR: In this paper, a system for sequentially processing an image in order to identify objects in the image, and extract a variety of shape features of the identified objects is presented, which includes an image preprocessor, a controller, an object boundary resolver and identifier and a feature extractor.
Abstract: A system for sequentially processing an image in order to identify objects in the image, and extract a variety of shape features of the identified objects. The system includes an image preprocessor, a controller, an object boundary resolver and identifier and a feature extractor. The image preprocessor scans the image and generates digital scan line signals wherein each bit is representative of a detected characteristic of an elemental region associated with a current scan position in the image. The object boundary resolver and identifier identifies object edge points from the digital scan line signals and maintains edge point data records representative of the position of the edge points in the two most recent scan lines. The resolver and identifier further processes the edge point data to identify continuation, creation, termination and merge conditions for the various objects within the image. For each of the identified objects, the feature extractor determines the presence of various shape features for the identified objects. These features include object count, perimeter (P), area (A), P2 /A, moments, neck features and segmentation features. All the features identified by the feature extractor are extracted in a single pass, sequential processing of the image.