Abstract: The surface appropriate for a given problem depends on the application; there is no universal surface form. The numerous applications of surface methods include modeling physical phenomena (e.g., combustion) and designing objects such as airplanes and cars. In addition to these 3D surfaces, there are interesting 4D "surfaces" such as temperature as a function of the three spatial variables. Because the geometric information for these problems can be located arbitrarily in 3D or 4-Dimensional space, the schemes must be able to handle arbitrarily located data. The standard (and easier) approach to surfacesusing tensor products of curve methods-restricts the surface method's applicability to rectangularly "gridded" data. Two broad classes of methods suitable for solving these problems (i.e., problems for which simplifying geometric assumptions cannot be made) are (1) surface interpolants defined over triangles or tetrahedra and (2) distanceweighted interpolants. Users ordinarily want smoother surfaces than their data imply directly, so additional information must usually be created. (A notable feature of the methods shown here is that the smoothness of the surface is always greater than or equal to the smoothness of the defining data. The author covers Surface form selection (Interpolation versus approximation; Representation versus design; Smoothness; Shape fidelity; Local versus global methods; and Rendering), and Interpolation surfaces. It is noted that triangular interpolants and distance-weighted interpolants excel as surface methods because of their smooth interpolation of arbitrarily located data.

Abstract: Structurally integrated equipment is selectively, individually or conjointly detachably attachable to a three-wheeled vehicle for preventing rearward tipover, carrying cargo, rendering the vehicle waterborne, enhancing travel over snow or providing power takeoff. Supports extending from the framework of the vehicle are adapted to receive and retain with quick disconnect fittings frame elements of the equipment. The frame elements may be adjustable to accommodate load variations and variances of the surface traversed.

Abstract: Discussed is a new videoconferencing system that has been developed and deployed at several IBM locations. This system transmits high-quality monochrome, freeze-frame images over dial-up telephone lines between two (or three) dedicated videoconferencing rooms. There are two main system components. An IBM Series/1 provides control, communication, data compression, and storage, and a Grinnell GMR-270 image processing display system implements image acquisition, processing, and video buffering functions. Conference participants may choose either a basically black and white rendering of an image for fast transmission or a continuous-tone rendering with a longer transmission time. Details are given regarding the system configuration, function, and operation.

Abstract: This paper describes several novel aspects of Caesar, a layout editor for Manhattan-style integrated circuits. The program''s user interface is similar to painting. By hiding many irrelevant details, the painting mechanism provides a powerful yet simple user interface. Its implementation using horizontal strips is efficient in both time and space. To handle large circuits efficiently, Caesar represents them hierarchically and capitalizes on their hierarchical structure to avoid excess computation and I/O. The rendering of mask information on color displays is done with a novel combination of transparent and opaque layers that clarifies layer interactions even in the presence of a large number of mask layers.

Abstract: UNIGRAFIX, as the name implies, is a graphics system that runs under the UNIX operating system. It consists of a descriptive language and various programs that allow a user to create, modify, and display scenes consisting of polyhedral objects. The UNIGRAFIX language is in a terse, human-readable format that allows scene files of complex objects to be created with little effort. These scene files may be created manually with use of a text editor, or may be output by special-purpose generator programs (for more complex scenes). Once created, scenes can be used as input to the UNIGRAFIX rendering programs. These programs can be run either as separate functional units, or from within the interactive UNIGRAFIX environment. Programs are also available to transform and display the scenes according to user specification.

Abstract: 1. Rendered facade with heat an cold insulating slabs on which a coat of mortar and rendering is applied, including e mesh-type fabric, whereby distributed on the outer surfaces of the heat and cold insulating slabs, individual protruding spacing elements are joined on in single pieces, whereby the fabric, being supported by these spacing elementes, is embedded in the coat of mortar and rendering. This facade is characterized by the fact that the height (13) of the spacing elements (11) corresponds to the thickness of a basic coat of rendering (16), that the basic coat of rendering (16) fills out the space between the fabric (20) which has been applied and the outer surfaces of the heat and cold insulating slabs (10) and that on the basic coat of rendering (16) a finishing coat of rendering (21) is applied, completely embedding the fabric (20).

Abstract: Brightness perception of object colors is affected by the change of color-rendering property of illuminating source, even though the illuminance is kept constant. The cause of this phenomenon is thoroughly studied by a thinking and a subjective experiment, specifically relating to the Kohiraush effect studied by Sanders (ref. 12, 13, 14) and Thornton (ref. 10, 11). The subjective experiment was done for various object colors by using three kinds of fluorescent lamps with the general color-rendering indies Ra of 64, 84, and 87. Results are summarized as follows. (1) The brightness equation proposed by Thornton is inadequate. (2) The effect of color rendering properties of lighting sources on brightness of object colors is larger than that predicted by the Kahlraush effect studied by Sanders. (3) Brightness of object color is perceived to increase for an increase of its metric chroma by changing illuminating fluorescent lamps from low to high Ra value.

Abstract: : Computer generated shaded images have evolved to a stage of extreme realism and can easily be confused for photographs of 'real' objects. Such imitation of realism has been the major thrust of computer graphic research in recent years with efforts to model such physical phenomena as light reflection, surface texture, shadows, and transparency. Although this realism has been successful in limitating photographs, several applications exist in which the viewers are more interested in an exact knowledge of the three dimensional shape of the surface than simply a realistic shaded reproduction. The goal of this research is to investigate interactive techniques for displaying shaded images with enhanced three dimensionality. Two basic approaches are investigated: direct rendering and viewing of shape information, and imitation of visual perception stimuli. The first approach consists of directly rendering depth and normal information into the frame buffer and examining meaningful ways of viewing the information. The second approach uses the results of research in the field of visual perception to generate cues for enhanced three dimensional visualization. The stimulations which are investigated are texture gradients, gradients of illumination, binocular stereopsis, and motion. Each technique is investigated in an interactive environment to allow greater control over the shape analysis. (Author)

Abstract: A method of adaptively controlling the time of rendering the individual controlled devices of a controllable power conversion bridge includes the sensing of the instant in time at which the current from the bridge to a load becomes discontinuous. From the time of this sensing, the time period to a predetermined time such as a normally calculated time of rendering the controlled devices conductive is derived. This time period is then multiplied by a multiplier and the resultant product is combined with the predetermined time to provide an actual time of rendering the controlled devices conductive.

Abstract: PURPOSE:To form an easily correctable accurate cutoff mask without requiring complicated input operations, by calculating the image data of an original image, and rendering the rough data of cutoff lines correctable on a display together with the image data. CONSTITUTION:An operator obtains analog image data from an original on an original glass 1 with a TV camera 3 through a filter 2, and stores them through a controller 4 in the memory of a computer 5. The computer 5 encoded the input data to a binary system, extracts the outline, calculates the image, delivers the obtained cutoff line data to a frame memory 7, and a display controller 6 displays the cutoff lines and the original image superposed on a display 8. The operator observes them and corrects A, B, and C parts through a correction input device 9. These corrections are executed in a conversational system, and he can confirm the corrected results on the display 8. After completion of the correction, a cutoff mask is obtained from a plotter 10.

Abstract: A new measure called Colour Rendering Capacity (CRC) has been developed to describe a particular aspect of colour rendering properties of light sources, that is, the maximum possible number of different surface colours obtainable under a given source. The CRC is a relative measure expressed as a dimensionless parameter between zero and unity, depending on the spectral power distribution of the source only. The CRC has been calculated for some commonly used sources and the result discussed with respect to other studies concerned with the colour rendering performance of light sources.

Abstract: The invention provides an extruded strip element 82 for use in the forming of a rendered structural feature divided into a plurality of areas The element comprises a channel with a substantially circular cross-section excrescence along the inside of one of its flanges The element is embedded in a rendering leaving its top edge exposed and the excrescence is used in securing the element in the rendering and/or in securing two such elements 82,80 to each other, eg by means of a nail 83