Abstract: A scanline algorithm is described which renders bicubic patches directly from the parametric description without producing a polygonal approximation. The algorithm is partially based on earlier work by Whitted. A primitive object, called a “curved-edge polygon”, is defined, and an algorithm for breaking down a bicubic patch into the primitive objects is described. A general surface intersection method is employed to provide a robust silhouette edge detector. Shades are computed by calculating a cubic approximation to the normal surface and performing either a cubic or a linear interpolation of the bounding edge normals across the scanline. Subdivision of parametric surfaces is used to reduce the complexity of the surfaces being rendered, providing dramatic improvement in the results of both the silhouette detector and the shading methods.

Abstract: = Na/N), the ratio of the cell sizes (r = m/n, and the fraction of pointer fields (p = Np/Na).

Abstract: A new reflectance model for rendering computer synthesized images is presented. The model accounts for the relative brightness of different materials and light sources in the same scene. It describes the directional distribution of the reflected light and a color shift that occurs as the reflectance changes with incidence angle. A method for obtaining the spectral energy distribution of the light reflected from an object made of a specific real material is presented, and a procedure for accurately reproducing the color associated with the spectral energy distribution is discussed. The model is applied to the simulation of a metal and a plastic.

Abstract: A can puncturing and emptying device utilizes a frame in which a can, including cans whose contents are under gaseous pressure, may be received. A threaded shaft carries a plate which may be adjusted to clampingly engage the periphery of the can, securing the frame about a portion of the can. Another threaded rod, having a sharpened point, may be advanced towards and into the interior of the can, piercing the can at a preferred location. A foam-like plastic material, carried by the frame, minimizes uncontrolled forceful ejection of the contents of the can, thereby rendering the can safe for disposal.

Abstract: In a method of rendering subject matter which is printed on one surface of a computer paper sheet unintelligible, an alpha-numeric interference pattern is printed over substantially the entire printing area of the surface of the sheet carrying the printed subject matter, the density of the interference pattern being sufficient to render the printed subject matter unintelligible. One particular use of the method is in the overprinting of computer print-out paper having printed information on one surface, so that the paper may be reused by printing on its opposite surface without permitting access to the information on the first-printed surface. A machine is disclosed for this application of the method.

Abstract: Molten polymer streams are separately metered to the individual capillaries of a combined orifice, rendering the yarn produced less dependent on the capillary dimensions.

Abstract: 1. Beginning to Draw. 2. Fashion Figure Proportion. 3. Drawing the Fashion Face. 4. Moving the Figure. 5. Drawing Clothes. 6. Rendering Fabrics. 7. Rendering Techniques and Materials. 8. Designing the Illustration. 9. Sources of Inspiration. 10. Drawing Men. 11. Drawing Children. 12. Drawing Accessories. Index.

Abstract: In image formation control apparatus having a process unit for forming an image on a recording medium and mechanisms for assisting in the image formation, there is provided a first controller for controlling the timing of the process unit. A second controller is provided for rendering at least a portion of the process unit inoperative when an image formation is not being executed, and for thereafter rendering at least one of the assisting mechanisms inoperative while continuing to apply power to the first controller to enable image formations to be resumed.

Abstract: This paper examines various rendering techniques and emphasizes the unique contribution that computer technology offers to transcription. First, the basic manual transcription procedure and its grounds are discussed. Next, three methods of generating transcripts are considered separately: (a) completely manual preparation; (b) a combination of manual and computer procedures; and (c) the on-line processing/monitoring by computer. Finally, the relative advantages and limitations of these techniques are discussed in terms of a trade-off between several factors which include initial investment in equipment, person hours, cost of copying and modifying transcripts, and reduction of errors in transcribing data.

Abstract: Brownian motion, the initiator's length must be Gaussian with variance twice that of the midpoint displacement. In Figure 7 of [1], to the contrary, the above ratio is much larger, and the probability of its occurring in a self-similar chance process that also generates the wiggles is infinitesimal. Thus, Figure 7 is grossly atypical of the self-similar Brownian motion. On the other hand, Figure 7 is a sensible sample of Brownian motion with a strong deterministic drift. Drifting Brown-ian motions are hybrids. When the initiator length is even longer than in Figure 7 and the limit fractal is inspected on scales of the order of the initiator's length, the motion is in effect, nonrandom and rectilinear (D = 1). When the initiator's length is like that in Figure 7 of[l], the motion on the visible scales is a non-self-similar hybrid of D = 1 and D = 2, and no useful D can be defined for it. In the approximation drawn in Figure 7, the loops typical of D = 2 and of nondrifting Brownian motion only become visible during the last stage of recursion. If the recursion were to continue, the loops would proliferate. Since, excluding rare exceptions , the curves that approximate rivers are self-avoiding, a non-drifting Brownian motion model is excluded a priori. Since rivers happen to be self-similar, a strongly drifting Brownian motion is not acceptable. The interpolation of the coast of Australia in Figures 9 to 13 of [1] also suffers from local loops. Incidentally , the idea that coastlines can be modeled by a fractional Brownian motion is tried out on page 205 of [3], and found wanting. To the contrary , my fractal model of coastlines, using the level curves of a fractal relief, not only accounts satisfactorily for the detail, but yields reasonable-looking overall shapes. In [1], the overall shape had to be entered separately. (4) The aesthetic importance of self-similarity and the visible scars when it is only approximate may come as a surprise. Indeed, the self-similarity of rivers, coastlines, and 583 relief has not, as of yet, been reduced to more traditional natural principles. When first postulated in my work, it was a matter of convenience, but it is well on the way to becoming a new natural principle on its own. We are certainly pleased that Benoit Mandelbrot's attention has been attracted by our work on sto-chastic modeling, and …

Abstract: As previously demonstrated by Badler and O'Rourke, a variety of 3-D objects can be defined conveniently as collections of spheres-having various sizes and positions in 3-D space and possibly intersecting. This paper is an elaboration on the technique, describing methods of constructing and manipulating such objects and, most particularly, a method of achieving realism in rendering the picture-even though, for reasons of efficiency, computation is performed as if everything were 2-dimensional, with depth ordering.Pictorial realism results from three features of the overall method: roundedness of the basic picture plane images of individual spheres, pictorial merging of 3-dimensionally intersecting spheres (which are very likely intended as parts of the same object), and pictorial separation of spheres whose images overlap but which lie at significantly different depths in 3-space. Separation is achieved by a black line and resembles the lines traditionally found in cartoon cel animation; merging is accomplished by arranging, in effect, for every sphere image to be transparent to the brighter parts of images of other spheres of the same color.The system lends itself well to construction and manipulation of objects defined by geometry and mathematical transformations; it also serves well in construction and depiction of organic forms which arise and/or are modified by random growth and rules of contingency. Several examples of pictorial results are presented.

Abstract: A new standard pencil task is proposed for the determination of contrast rendering factors. This takes the form of a pencil circle drawn on a lambertian background, and permits the adoption of simplified methods of measurement and prediction. A new step-by-step design method is proposed for contrast rendering in large offices. The initial choice of luminaire is based on a weighted average room contrast rendering factor (RCRF). The spacing is based on the CRF at a point of symmetry between rows of luminaires.

Abstract: This paper describes a system for rendering objects in three dimensional space using medical data. The combination of a variable focal length vibrating mirror and computer electronics will be described and also the software system required to process the data. A brief review of several promising medical applications will allow visualization as to how such a display can be used most effectively. The display of data in three dimensions overcomes the ambiguity often found in two dimensional presentations. It allows a truly objective examination of the display data while two dimensional displays require a subjective interpretation of what might exist in the Z direction. The basic technologies employed in SpaceGraph were developed at Bolt Beranek & Newman, Inc. in Cambridge, Massachusetts and were proven in a laboratory prototype. Usefulness for a wide variety of applications was also proven by BB&N by obtaining data from many fields of science and creating displays of these data. What we show here are early indications of promise in medical areas that require true three dimensional imaging capability. The display is a true three dimensional display that allows presentation of data in a volume filling manner. The data can occupy a volume of 20 X 25 X 30 centimeters.© (1982) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

Abstract: An apparatus for checking features, particularly linear dimensions, of mechanical pieces being transported by a conveyor, comprising a slide supporting a gauging device adapted to check the subsequent pieces and cam devices for actuating the slide and the gauging device. The actuating devices are coupled to the slide in such a way that the slide performs a reciprocating motion including a forward stroke, during which a piece is checked, and a return stroke for rendering possible the checking of the subsequent piece. The checking of each piece is carried out during a portion of the forward stroke of the slide, while the slide moves in synchronism with the conveyor.

Abstract: Confidential information is printed, typed or otherwise applied to paper with a colour having a reflection spectral response or less than about 10% for light with a wave-length below about 600 millimicrons. The colour is sufficiently contrasting with the information to enable the information to be read by the human eye when the document is viewed under white light, but the document cannot be successfully photocopied.

Abstract: A new standard pencil task is proposed. This is a penciled circle on a perfectly diffuse white background. It permits the construction of a visual CRF gauge which is inexpensive, stable, portable and direct-reading, and which works equally for polarized and unpolarized light and for virtually any viewing angle. In addition, the proposed new standard task has advantages both for prediction and for lighting design.

Abstract: : This report describes the development and evaluation of a computer graphics algorithm capable of rendering high detail imagery of real world visual environments modeled as a single valued elevation function of horizontal location. The objective of the development was to analyze the feasibility of a real time implementation. The results indicate that, although technically feasible, the real time implementation is too computationally expensive to consider. Recommendations for future work to reduce expenses are made. (Author)

Abstract: of EP00072731. A tubular writing point (1) for an automatic machine, of the type comprising a weight (3), characterized in that said weight (3) is associated with a dampener (4) capable of absorbing kinetic energy of the weight (3) and rendering its motion aperiodic.

Abstract: A recurrent problem in generating realistic pictures by computers is to represent natural irregular objects and phenomena without undue time or space overhead. We develop a new and powerful solution to this computer graphics problem by modeling objects as sample paths of stochastic processes. Of particular interest are those stochastic processes which previously have been found to be useful models of the natural phenomena to be represented. One such model applicable to the representation of terrains, known as “fractional Brownian motion,” has been developed by Mandelbrot.The value of a new approach to object modeling in computer graphics depends largely on the efficiency of the techniques used to implement the model. We introduce a new algorithm that computes a realistic, visually satisfactory approximation to fractional Brownian motion in faster time than with exact calculations. A major advantage of this technique is that it allows us to compute the surface to arbitrary levels of details without increasing the database. Thus objects with complex appearances can be displayed from a very small database. The character of the surface can be controlled by merely modifying a few parameters. A similar change allows complex motion to be created inexpensively.