Abstract: Experiments using a backward visual masking technique are described, in which the second (mask) stimulus is itself masked by a third stimulus, thus rendering guessing strategies, about target/mask ...

Abstract: Microvoid-containing sheet material of the type which displays visible indicia when a liquid applied to the surface fills the microvoids. The improvement lies in making the liquid-receiving surface from particles held in pseudo-sintered juxtaposition by a thermoset binder, thereby rendering the structure resistant to inadvertent marking when it is subjected to heat, pressure, or both.

Abstract: A recurrent problem in generating realistic pictures by computers is to represent natural irregular objects and phenomena without undue time or space overhead. We develop a new and powerful solution to this problem by modeling objects as sample paths of stochastic processes. Of particular interest are those stochastic processes which previously have been found to be useful models of the natural phenomena to be represented. One such model applicable to the representation of terrains, known as “fractional Brownian motion”, has been proposed by B. Mandelbrot.The value of a new approach to object modeling in Computer Graphics depends largely on the efficiency of the techniques used to implement the model. We introduce here a new, efficient algorithm for rendering realistic surfaces defined using the stochastic process mentioned above. A major advantage of this technique is that it allows us to compute the surface to arbitrary levels of detail without increasing the database. Thus objects with complex appearance can be displayed from a very small database. The character of the surface can be controlled by merely modifying a few parameters. A similar change allows complex motion to be created inexpensively.

Abstract: A simple method utilizing a moire technique for producing contour plots is described and applied to the rendering of calculated Fraunhofer diffraction patterns.

Abstract: A fuel injection control system is disclosed for an internal combustion engine having fuel injectors. The system comprises fuel-cut means operable for rendering some of the fuel injectors inoperative only when the engine speed exceeds a first predetermined value during engine deceleration and for rendering the remaining fuel injectors inoperative when the engine speed exceeds a second predetermined value higher than the first predetermined value during engine deceleration. Control means is provided for rendering the fuel-cut means inoperative when rapid engine deceleration occurs, thereby permitting the operation of all of the fuel injectors regardless of the engine speed.

Abstract: In a self-timer device for a camera having a self-timer circuit including manually operated first switch means and adapted to start time count upon operation of the first switch means and to release a shutter when a predetermined time has elapsed, and a set member movable by manual operation between a first position for rendering the circuit capable of counting time and a second position for rendering the circuit incapable of counting time, there is provided means for moving the set member lying in said first position to said second position in response to film advance operation.

Abstract: The transfer characteristic of nonhysteretic Josephson junction gates (G) is sharpened and desired switching behavior free from resetting requirements is achieved by a positive feedback scheme (FIGS. 5, 8-9) in which the gate is made to be responsive to current flow in the output line (20). Specific applications to three-junction interferometers (FIG. 5) are described as are various means for rendering the gate responsive to the output, i.e., magnetically coupling the output line to the gate (FIGS. 5, 8), adding a portion of the output current to the control line (FIG. 9), and injecting a portion of the output current directly into the gate (FIG. 10).

Abstract: This disclosure is concerned with rendering more flexible and useful the fare computations and dispatching services in the taxi industry and the like, by a novel type of centralized computed control of and cooperating and interfacing with, vehicular meters, enabling overlapping multiple-location pick-up and delivery for a plurality of customers and with automatic route, time, traffic condition and related information and/or corrections remotely introduced into the meter calculations and display.

Abstract: A dynamic simulation model of a field maintenance organization has been developed and validated. The objective of the model is to provide an analytical tool for evaluating the operational feasibility of new maintenance strategies prior to their introduction into the field. This simulation model is an accurate replica of the policies and time critical maintenance activities within a field organization, providing a rendering in detail of each technician and each facility as events take place in time. This paper discusses the structure of the model, the functions simulated, the validation experiment, and an application of the model.

Abstract: A dictation system including means for manually or automatically providing a sequence of identifier signals, a decoder for decoding the identifier signals, and inhibiting means for rendering a dictation recorder inoperable in the absence of a predetermined sequence of identification signals. Control lines carry identifier signals which are electrically identical to control signals used to control the dictation recording functions of the dictation recorder. Identification signals may be generated automatically, by a keyboard, or by the dictate station normal function control switches. A decoder decodes the identification signals appearing on the control lines. Inhibiting means prevent the dictation recorder from recording dictation until receipt of a predetermined sequence of identification signals.

Abstract: The work reported in this thesis describes the development of an early linear diode array detector system for use in astronomical spectroscopy, outlines factors rendering such a detector suitable for this field, examines some of the more taxing practical problems encountered in early stages of development and, drawing upon these factors and attempted resolutions of the purported initial snags, continues with a look at a recent version and work accomplished with it. In attempting to cover these areas in the development, the description will draw as heavily upon actual laboratory tests carried out as upon the observational fieldwork at both the RGO and the Wise Observatory, partially because of the fact that detailed analysis of the limited data collected is not one of this work's central concerns. As it was necessary to construct a complete working system fairly quickly, the approach adapted and described in detail in what follows may be recognizably far from optimal. Experience gained and various techniques developed could, however, lead to significant improvements in future systems. Therefore, such techniques as they emerge during the early stages are outlined throughout the account as they seem to be one of the more valuable contributions of the project.

Abstract: The roller shutter installation uses a support for rendering or plastering, made of the same material as the surrounding walling, for application of inside and outside rendering. Use is made of aerated concrete as rendering support, on both exterior sides or roller shutter cases, combining with the masonry adjacent to it to create a cohesive substructure for rendering. With a trowelled filling for joints with surrounding masonry, the result is a stable entity, with connection points stabler and stronger than aerated concrete, and preventing fissure formation.

Abstract: Tekton is an interactive computer aided architectural design software system. It incorporates graphic input and 3-D modeling capabilities, a potent notational system which is based on an algebra like linguistic model for the representation of transformation and spatial compositions, hidden face elimination, shadowing and texture rendering. The latter feature has been specifically designed for the visualization of architectural forms and materials, through renderings of a free hand drawing quality. They are derived by generative semi-random models, included in the system. The Tekton language allows for interactive unlimited editing and modification of previously generated compositions

Abstract: Introduction. Chapter 1: Introduction to mental ray. What Is mental ray? Why Use mental ray? The Structure of mental ray. mental ray Integration. Command-Line Rendering and the Stand-Alone Renderer. mental ray Shaders and Shader Libraries. Indirect Illumination. Chapter 2: Rendering Algorithms. Introduction to Synthetic Lighting. Rendering under the Hood. mental ray Rendering Algorithms. Scanline Rendering in Depth. Raytrace Rendering in Depth. Hardware Rendering. Chapter 3: mental ray Output. mental ray Data Types. The Frame Buffer. Frame Buffer Options. mental ray Cameras. Output Statements. Chapter 4: Camera Fundamentals. Camera Basics and Aspect Ratios. Camera Lenses. Host Application Settings. Chapter 5: Quality Control. Sampling and Filtering in Host Applications. Raytrace Acceleration. Diagnostic and BSP Fine-Tuning. Chapter 6: Lights and Soft Shadows. mental ray Lights. Area Lights. Host Application Settings. Light Profiles. Chapter 7: Shadow Algorithms. Shadow Algorithms. Raytrace Shadows. Depth-Based Shadows. Stand-Alone and Host Settings. Chapter 8: Motion Blur. mental ray Motion Blur. Motion-Blur Options. Motion-Blur Render Algorithms. Host Settings. Chapter 9: The Fundamentals of Light and Shading Models. The Fundamentals of Light. Light Transport and Shading Models. mental ray Shaders. Chapter 10: mental ray Shaders and Shader Trees. Installing Custom Shaders. DGS and Dielectric Shading Models. Glossy Reflection and Refraction Shaders. Brushed Metals with the Glossy and Anisotropic Shaders. The Architectural (mia) Material. Chapter 11: mental ray Textures and Projections. Texture Space and Projections. mental ray Bump Mapping. mental ray Projection and Remapping Shaders. Host Application Settings. Memory Mapping, Pyramid Images, and Image Filtering. Chapter 12: Indirect Illumination. mental ray Indirect Illumination. Photon Shaders and Photon-Casting Lights. Indirect Illumination Options and Fine-Tuning. Participating Media (PM) Effects. Chapter 13: Final Gather and Ambient Occlusion. Final Gather Fundamentals. Final Gather Options and Techniques. Advanced Final Gather Techniques. Ambient Occlusion. Chapter 14: Subsurface Scattering. Advanced Shading Models. Nonphysical Subsurface Scattering. An Advanced Shader Tree. Physical Subsurface Scattering. Appendix: About the Companion CD. Index.