TL;DR: The discovery by the Combined Soviet-Mongolian Paleontological Expedi tion of an almost complete skull of a sauropod, belonging to the new genus Quaesito saurus, is of particular interest.
Abstract: A description is given of Quaesitosaurus orientaLis gen. et sp. nov., assigned to the subfamily Dicraeosaurinae. Brief data about its living habits are presented. * * * The saurian dinosaurs are a constant element of dinosaur faunas of all conti nents. However, complete skeletons are extremely rare, as are isolated cranial dis coveries. For instance, from Cretaceous deposits of Asia, only two species have been described on the basis of a complete skull, and only one, on the basis of a brain case and cervical vertebrae. The remaining species of Asiatic sauropods are known only from fragments of the post-cranial skeleton or from isolated teeth. Therefore the discovery by the Combined Soviet-Mongolian Paleontological Expedi tion of an almost complete skull of a sauropod, belonging to the new genus Quaesito saurus, is of particular interest. The skull was discovered in the western part of the Shara-Tsav bluffs, located 8 km to the north of the well-known Upper Cretaceous reptile locality at Bayshin-Tsav (2). The bluffs consist of mottled marls, clays, siltstones, sandstones, and grits of the Barungoyot Formation. Besides the Quaesito saurus skull, the locality yielded a skeleton of the ornithomimid GaLLimimus sp. and a substantial part of the skeleton of the theropod Avimimus portentosus (1), which also place the deposits in the Barungoyot.
TL;DR: The isolated skull of Nemegtosaurus mongoliensis and Quaesitosaurus orientalis from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia are among the most complete sauropod cranial remains known as discussed by the authors, yet their evolutionary relationships to other neosauropods have remained uncertain.
Abstract: Synopsis The isolated skulls of Nemegtosaurus mongoliensis and Quaesitosaurus orientalis from the Nemegt Basin of Mongolia are among the most complete sauropod cranial remains known from the Late Cretaceous, yet their evolutionary relationships to other neosauropods have remained uncertain. Redescription of the skull of Nemegtosaurus identifies key features that link it and its closely related counterpart Quaesitosaurus to titanosaur sauropods. These include a posterolaterally orientated quadrate fossa, ‘rocker'‐like palatobasal contact, pterygoid with reduced quadrate flange and a novel basisphenoid‐quadrate contact. Other features are exclusive to Nemegtosaurus and Quaesitosaurus, such as the presence of a symphyseal eminence on the external aspect of the premaxillae, a highly vascularised tooth bearing portion of the maxilla, an enclosed ‘maxillary canal’, orbital ornamentation on the postorbital, prefrontal and frontal, exclusion of the squamosal from the supratemporal fenestra and dentary teeth small...