Abstract: "A superb report on the analysis of maiolica pottery excavated from beneath the Mexico City Cathedral and from excavations for the Mexico City Metro."—Southwest Mission Research Center Newsletter "The most important aspect of this monograph is not just how good it is but its potential for use by archaeologists in the future."—The Kiva

Abstract: The potteries of the East Liverpool district were the largest domestic producers of ceramic toilet and table wares between 1890 and 1940. This volume is a study of the manufacturers and marks of that district. It includes a brief history of the local pottery industry from its inception in 1840 to the present, skeletal histories of 85 individual firms, and photographs of 993 known marks utilized by these companies. This treatise is designed to provide a reference for the identification and interpretation of archaeological data. It also contains peripheral appendices to facilitate effective use of the publication.

Abstract: Usulutan pottery is a major characteristic of Preclassic ceramic assemblages in southern Mesoamerica. This distinctive "resist" decorated pottery has long been considered a significant marker of southeastern influence in other areas of Mesoamerica and has been an important element in discussions of external stimuli on the development of Maya civilization. The origin, evolution, and technology of Usulutan have been debated for over 50 years. New archaeological evidence from western El Salvador now provides solutions to several aspects of this debate. The discovery of a complete, well-dated sequence of resist and Usulutan decorated ceramic types demonstrates a western Salvadoran origin and development for this pottery, tracing the tradition back to the Early Preclassic period. This sequence provides a spatial and temporal framework for future studies of Usulutan technology. The new evidence also requires a reassessment of the nature and significance of the Late Preclassic spread of Usulutan pottery in southern Mesoamerica.

Abstract: The quartz grains in a pottery matrix undergo a profound change in their thermoluminescent property during the kiln firing. These changes may be related to the crystal lattice of the mineral. The pre-dose sensitization effect is studied as a function of the firing temperature attained during the making of the pottery. The change produced by the firing is found to have a unique relation to the temperature of the firing. This property can be used to determine the kiln firing temperature of archaeological pottery. Initial work on some ancient pottery sherds has shown firing temperatures between 700 and 900°C. The method is capable of determining the firing temperature within an accuracy of a few tens of degrees. See also AATA 19-549. -- AATA

Abstract: This report describes Neolithic pottery dated 2730 bc and Beaker pottery found in apparently domestic contexts; and many Bronze Age funerary features. The latter begin with two food-vessel cremations and include two barrows about one of which were ten cremation graves. Close by were another 140 cremation graves, many yielding Deverel-Rimbury pottery. Carbon-14 dates indicate the use of this cemetery between 1556 bc and 762 bc.

Abstract: Archaeological investigation in Israel and the Sinai during the last decade has produced new data relevant to the problem of relations between Egypt and Canaan during the third millennium B.C. It is therefore an appropriate time to sum up the available evidence on the very existence of such relations, and to assess its significance for the determination of the nature of those relations. This is not the place to enumerate all the findings which have a bearing on our problem, and a general survey of these should suffice. The extensive excavations at Tel Arad, directed by Ruth Amiran, undoubtedly furnished the most significant and relevant information. The fortified city of Arad flourished during a period from the middle of the first Egyptian Dynasty through the end of Dynasty II (EB II in Palestinian terminology). The ceramic assemblage is mainly Canaanite; however, it also includes a small number of Egyptian sherds indicating relations between Egypt and this south Palestinian site. The most important find, a fragment of an Egyptian vessel bearing an incised serekh of King Narmer, is attributed to the pre-urban level at Arad. The artifact was found in a clearly dated EB I context, and beyond its importance for the subject at hand, it is significant in establishing an absolute chronology for EB I. A similar find was unearthed some 20 years ago at another important site in southern Canaan-Tel Gath. There, as at Arad, the context is EB I, but, unlike Arad, the ceramic repertoire is predominantly Egyptian. In recent years several small sites in southern Canaan, in which the pottery assemblage is predominantly Archaic Egyptian, were investigated. Noticeable among those are Tel Maahaz and 'En Besor. From the latter site are some 30 clay bullae, bearing impressions of Egyptian cylinder seals and probably dating to the reign of Den. There are also an Egyptian cylinder seal, probably of the Archaic Period, from the Sharon Plain, and a clay cylinder seal from Gezer, probably of local workmanship, which bears Egyptian motifs, the most noteworthy of which is a depiction of the early Egyptian shrine, the pr-wr. Several Egyptian stone vessels form part of the equipment of the temple at 'Ay. The group dates to the Archaic Period. One of these vessels, a copy in alabaster of a waterskin, is undoubtedly of cultic

Abstract: One of the most interesting ceramic traditions of late prehistoric North America is centered in the Mississippi Valley; this community differed from preceding and contemporary Woodland groups in its level of technological adaptations. Such innovations included the introduction and widespread use of shell tempering, changes in firing temperatures, clay sources, and the use of fluxes. The firing temperature was between 800° and 900°C. It appears that the addition of salt to the shell-tempered pottery kept the ceramic ware from lime spalling and reduced or prevented vitrification. See also AATA 20-771.

Abstract: It is with the greatest pleasure that I dedicate this brief article to Professor Seton Lloyd, an archaeologist of enormous distinction, and one whom I am pleased and honoured to call friend, whose work in Iraq still forms the basis for all prehistoric interpretation. Well-dated ceramic materials are rare, even in the archaeology of the historic periods in Mesopotamia. In particular the third millennium remains imprecisely documented, especially in the north. It is for this reason that I present here a preliminary report on the pottery from the Late ED III destruction level at Tell Brak. Seldom can pottery of such early provenance be so precisely dated. There can be no doubt that this level represents the initial Agade conquest of the north, and the vessels published here comprise the complete or reconstructable pots found in situ on the floors of major buildings in areas CH and ER destroyed at this time (Pls. VIII b , IX b , XVI a, b ). In both areas many of the vessels contained cereals and other food substances, and it is from these well-stratified deposits that the radiocarbon samples have been obtained.

Abstract: Recent archaeological excavations have revealed two distinct pottery traditions in the Birim Valley, southern Ghana. These have been classified as the ‘Earthworks Ware’ and the ‘Atwea Ware’. In certain archaeological contexts, the ‘Atwea Ware’ succeeds ‘Earthworks Ware’, and it also continues into present-day ethnography. The discontinuity between these two pottery traditions suggests a change in population. It is therefore suggested here that the population of ‘Earthworks Ware’ makers was one of the early victims of the Atlantic slave trade from about the mid-sixteenth century and that they were replaced in this area of the Birim Valley around a.d. 1700 by the Atweafo, a Twi-speaking group, whose descendants live there to this day. From the eighteenth century until close to the end of the nineteenth century a number of Denkyira, Asini and Asante migrants also moved into this valley. During this time the militarily weak Atweafo lived at the mercy of four major powers – the Asante, Akim Abuakwa, Akim Kotoku and the Akwamu. However, the Atweafo found means to survive under what seems to have been a highly volatile political environment by shifting their loyalty amongst these powers as situations dictated.

Abstract: The distribution of mainland pottery in the Cyclades during LC I, together with information about the relative abundance and degree of variety in which it occurs at different Cycladic sites, suggests a distinct pattern of attenuation with distance as one progresses from N to S down the "Western String" of islands. Despite the limited evidence so far available, it is possible to narrow considerably the range of exchange mechanisms likely to have produced such a pattern; it is proposed here that it may have been middlemen traders who introduced nonlocal ceramic products into the Cyclades at this time. Goods can be exchanged in various ways and it seems clear that, under favorable circumstances, different kinds of exchange will leave distinctive patterns in the archaeological record. The purpose of this article is to consider the distributional pattern within the Cyclades of pottery manufactured on the Greek mainland during the Late Helladic I period (contemporary with Late Cycladic I in the islands and with Late Minoan IA in Crete). Although our evidence is still far from complete, we feel it is at present worthwhile to attempt to narrow the range of mechanisms or modes of exchange to those which seem most likely to have been responsible for the geographical distribution and variety of mainland pottery discovered thus far in the Cyclades. The realistic assessment of prehistoric exchange relations between the mainland and the islands is a necessary preliminary to any reconstruction of the political relationships between these two areas. THE CYCLADES AND THE GREEK MAINLAND IN LC I Much mainland pottery which is clearly of LH I date has been found at Ayia Irini on Keos, Phylakopi on Melos, and Akrotiri on Thera (ill. 1); all three sites on present evidence were apparently not only the dominant settlements on their respective islands, but also the principal links in a major trade route between Crete and the mainland.' There is no evidence, however, that settlements elsewhere in the Cyclades had ready access to mainland products in LC I. There are, moreover, few indications that in LC I (or, for that matter, in LC II) the central and eastern Cyclades were in contact with Crete, Ayia Irini, Phylakopi or Akrotiri.2 One might immediately object-and with some justification-that the islands of the central and eastern Cyclades (with the exception, perhaps, of Pa* This article is based on a paper delivered at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Archaeological Institute of America, New Orleans, December 1980; the authors are grateful for funds from Cambridge University and from the University of Illinois at Chicago Circle, which made possible their attendance at this meeting. Davis's research on pottery of LC I date at Ayia Irini on Keos and Phylakopi on Melos has been made possible, in part, by a grant from the excavation fund of the Department of Classics, University of Cincinnati, by a Summer Stipend from the National Endowment for the Humanities, by a Grant-in-Aid from the American Philosophical Society, and by a Faculty Summer Fellowship from the Research Board of the University of Illinois at Chicago Circle; Cherry's, by a Small Grant in the Humanities from the British Academy. Special thanks are due to Mr. C.B.H. Macfarlane for his part in the study of pottery from Phylakopi and to Dr. Elizabeth Schofield and Miss Mariza Marthari for information and comments. I For LH I style pottery at Ayia Irini, Phylakopi and Akrotiri, see O.T.P.K. Dickinson, "The Definition of Late Helladic I," BSA 69 (1974) 8 and n. 56; for other imported pottery of LH I date at these three sites see infra. Cretan goods and influences on Keos, Melos, and Thera are the subject of two recent papers: E. Schofield, "The Western Cyclades and Crete: 'A Special Relationship,'" (Paper presented to the Oxford Aegean Seminar, 4th February 1981; forthcoming in the Oxford Journal of Archaeology) and J.L. Davis, "Minos and Dexithea: Crete and the Cyclades in the Later Bronze Age," in J.L. Davis and J.F. Cherry eds., Papers in Cycladic Prehistory (Monograph 14, Institute of Archaeology, UCLA, Los Angeles 1979) 143-57. 2 F r LM I types from Delos and LH II from Grotta on Naxos, see references in R. Hope Simpson and O.T.P.K. Dickinson, A Gazetteer of Aegean Civilisation (SIMA 52, G6teborg 1979). A base from a panelled cup found on Delos (BCH 71-72 [1947-1948] pl. 46a) is likely to be a Melian import and could be as late as LC I. Sherds from Paroikia on Paros (AthMitt 42 [1917] 66 figs. 72, 73) seem to be in the Polychrome Mattpainted "Mainland" style (as K. Scholes notes, BSA 51 [1956] 22) and should be LH I imports (see Davis [supra n. 1] 256-58). From the same site comes a sherd from an LM IB bell-cup (AthMitt 42 [1917] 71 fig. 79, no. 2; identified by E.M. Schofield), and possibly sherds in the Melian Naturalistic style (mentioned by Scholes, BSA 51 [1956] 20). A jug from Amorgos (BSA 51 [1956] 20) could also be as late as LC I. A sherd from the Northwest Promontory on Antiparos may be LC I/LM IA in date (see Hope Simpson and Dickinson, Gazetteer 324). The only other Minoan material in the Cyclades is earlier in date: MM sherds on the surface at Vigla on Naxos (BSA 69 [1974] 50) and cups of MM III types from a cist at A'la, also on Naxos (Hope Simpson and Dickinson, Gazetteer 331). For Cretan stone vases from Delos and Naxos, see P.M. Warren, "Minoan Stone Vases as Evidence for Minoan Foreign Connexions in the Aegean Late Bronze Age," PPS 33 (1967) 37-56.

Abstract: To study the nature of ancient and modern pottery it is necessary to be able to determine the concentrations of the major constituent elements. For such studies, mass balances calculated from these elemental concentrations cluster around 100% for a silicate-silica matrix and around 80–90% in highly calcarious pottery which has a silicate-carbonate (silica) matrix. This work requires experimental measurements with coefficients of variation wihtin approximately ±5%. The high concentrations of silicon in pottery may reasonably be determined by neutron activation analysis using the nuclear reaction29Si(n, p)29 Al. Aluminium-29 has a half life of 6.56 minutes and a γ-ray energy of 1272 keV. Epithermal neutron irradiations of samples in cadmium foil are required to minimize the quantities of thermal neutron induced radionuclides. The method of analysis developed for the low flux SLOWPOKE reactor is described and the accuracy and precision of the technique is discussed by allusion to analyses of standard reference materials. The application of this technique to two different archaeological problems is addressed. The first is a case of carbonate dilution found in neolithic pottery from Iran and the second case is a problem of silica dilution in Roman pottery from Germany.

Abstract: Five archaeological sites are described from the present-day coast of Long Island, and their probable ages are discussed. The earliest human occupation was at least 1000 years ago, with further occupation between about 350-550 years ago. Obsidian was imported from Talasea, New Britain, and possibly several kinds of pottery may have been imported from the mainland of New Guinea. The relation of Long Island to historically-known trading networks is discussed.

Abstract: FIVE GRUBENHAUSER and a probable ground level building sited within the Romano-British small town at Heybridge are described. The associated Saxon pottery suggests that the settlement belongs to the first half of the 5th century, and there is evidence that late Romano-British pottery was in contemporary use. It is suggested that the Saxon settlers were involved either economically or militarily in the life of the late Roman town. The significance of a nearby cemetery containing both late Roman and Saxon burials, one dated c. A.D. 500, is also considered.

Abstract: Part I. The Archaic and Classical Periods: Progress and Problems: 1. Free-standing statues 2. Greek temples and their decoration 3. Painting and painted pottery Part II. The 4th Century B.C. and the Hellenistic Period: Innovation and Renovation: 4. Sculpture 5. Painting 6. Architecture and planning Part III. The Roman World: Adoption and Transformation of the Greek Legacy: 7. Roman statues 8. Roman painting 9. Roman architecture: adoption and evolution 10. World rulers Epilogue Appendix: How we know what we think we know.

Abstract: List of Figures List of Illustrations 1. Introduction Karen L. Wilson 2. Stratigraphy and Architecture Karen L. Wilson Level I Level II Levels III, IV, V Squares X-XV 3. The Pottery Susan J. Allen Method of Processing Pottery in the Field Fabric Typology Form Typology Late Hellenistic Pottery Late Period Pottery Third Intermediate Period Pottery Comparative Material 4. The Greek Pottery Margorie Venit 5. Various Finds Karen L. Wilson Faience: amulets, figurines, and vessels Scarabs Terracotta amulet moulds Terracotta ram figurines 'Tokens' Mitannian cylinder seal 6. A Third Intermediate Period Relief Fragment Victoria L. Solia 7. Conclusions Karen L. Wilson

Abstract: The Aston mirror plate and its handle were found in ploughsoil, but were derived from a cremation burial which included two pottery vessels tentatively dated in the first century A.D. The area in which the discovery was made shows considerable activity in the Belgic and Romano-British periods. A detailed examination of the mirror, using, inter alia, light-section photomicrography, enables an attempt to be made to group the known mirrors using criteria derived from the techniques employed in the decoration; the Aston mirror falls into an East Anglian Ridge/Chiltern group.

Abstract: (p. 92) During one of his reconnaissances in the field (in the autumn of 1 966), J.K. Boschker (field assistant attached to the Frisian Museum in Leeuwarden) found near Bornwird (fig. 1) a small stone axe, some crudely worked flint artefacts and a few potsherds. The finds were made in upturned soil alongside the planned route of the new Holwerd-Dokkum road that was then under construction. In the course of sinking a trench for the road a sand-outcrop appeared, from which the artefacts originated. During a closer reconnaissance by members of the Biologisch-Archaeologisch Instituut (B. A.I.) in Groningen it became evident, moreover, that in the surface of the sand traces of prehistoric ploughland were visible. The complex was dated - mainly on the basis of the coarsely tempered potsherds – to the Late Bronze Age (Elzinga, 1966). This dating fitted in well with an observation made by Van Giffen in 1910. During the levelling of the telp of Bornwird , Van Giffen discovered a few urns that must have come from the sandy subsoil of the terp (Van Giffen, 1920). It was notably the discovery of the ploughland that made this complex a unique find for the Netherlands, for here we had the oldest traces of prehistoric agriculture this far north. It was decided to carry out an excavation, that took place in the autumn of the following year (Sep. 4th - Oct. 4th, 1967). The excavation was carried out by labourers under the supervision of H. Praamstra and K. Klaassens, under the direction of G. Elzinga and H.T. Waterbolk. The excavation provided a great deal of new information. The most noteworthy was the fact that the complex could, on the basis of the decorated pottery, now be dated in the Late Neolithic. Later this relative dating was confirmed by a C14-dating of peat that overlay the old ploughland (GrN-5295: 3930±50 B.P., Vogel & Waterbolk, 1972). After 1967 Bornwird was regularly mentioned by various authors. The traces of inhabitation were attributed to different archaeological cultures in turn. Elzinga (1967), Waterbolk (1967; 1968) and Van Zeist (1970) ascribed the ploughland and the finds to the PFB ( Protruding foot beaker) culture. In addition Louwe Kooijmans (1974), Lanting and Mook (1977) and Waterbolk (1977) mentioned elements of the VL (Vlaardingen) culture. During a visit to the excavation in 1 967 Bakker (pers. comm.) identified a few sherds as originating from the LHV (Late Havelte) phase of the TRB ( Trechterbeker= Funnel beaker) culture. When questioned, the different authors avowed that they had based their statements (i.e. concerning cultural affinity) on their own observations of the 'show pieces' (pottery) or on oral and published communications by other authors. The present article can be regarded as a definitive report of the 1967 excavation, and as such can serve as a basis for discussion and comparison.

Abstract: Work on my publication of the University of Pennsylvania's 1931 soundings at Fara prompted me to look again at the material from the Early Dynastic cemetery at al-‘Ubaid. This study resulted. It attempts to re-define the relative dates of the graves within the al-‘Ubaid cemetery. It also reviews the evidence for the dating of the cemetery as a whole in an effort to establish its position within the Early Dynastic period. There is an extended discussion of the pottery types found in Sumer in ED II and IIIa. The neglect of this material has recently been highlighted by Professor Adams' survey of the Sumerian “heartland”. One of the most striking problems to emerge from his study is the difficulty of identifying pottery and sites of this period.