Abstract: Three novel carbon skeleton alkaloids, named oleracimine (1), oleracimine A (2), and oleracone A (3), with one novel azulene carbon skeleton compound, oleracone B (4), and one known compound, β-carboline (5), were first isolated from Portulaca oleracea L. The structures were determined using spectroscopic methods, including one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance and high-resolution electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry techniques. In addition, oleracimine (1) was used to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. The results of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blot, and real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that oleracimine (1) remarkably inhibited nitric oxide production and could dose-dependently decrease the secretions of interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor α, nitric oxide, and prostaglandin E2 in cell culture supernatants as well as the mRNA of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase.

Abstract: Article history Received 23 Jul 2016 Accepted 7 Dec 2016 Available online 30 Jan 2017

Abstract: Portulaca hirsutissima (Portulacaceae) is a succulent herb occurring in open fields, sandy or rocky soil of separate Brazilian areas. On the basis of the analyses of seeds and pollen grains macro- and micromorphology, a significative variation, which is related to the distribution pattern, was found. Two new species are here proposed, described and illustrated. Portulaca giuliettiae sp. nov. occurs in Eastern Brazil, from Paraiba to Rio de Janeiro and P. goiasensis sp. nov. is restricted to the Chapada dos Veadeiros, in Central Brazil. P. hirsutissima is now to be considered as a restricted species from Minas Gerais State. A lectotype for the name P. hirsutissima is designated from a specimen preserved at P.

Abstract: Characterization is part of crop the breeding process aims to protect biodiversity and preserve local germplasm. Indonesia has two known species of Portulaca, Portulaca oleracea and P. grandiflora . Thirteen Portulaca accessions have been collected from Bogor area, comprising five accessions of Portulaca oleracea and eight accessions of Portulaca grandiflora . This study was aimed at the characterization of the 13 accessions and was undertaken at Indoflower BLST, Bogor, between October 2015 to February 2016. The results showed a significant difference in the color of flowers between the two species of Portulaca. The most significant difference is the overall appearance of P. oleracea species. Character color and shape of the flowers between the P. grandiflora white (GW) and P. oleracea are similar. Significant differences between the species exist in relation to the root systems, but the root systems of accessions within each species are generally similar. The branching characteristics between the two species and among accessions are generally similar, with branches emerging through the base of leaves or nodes. However, there are differences in the leaf characteristics between the two species. This study has provided information on flower characteristics of P. grandiflora and P. oleraceae which will be valuable for future breeding efforts in Portulaca .

Abstract: Culinary use of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) is appreciated across the whole of the Mediterranean, and the interest in this plant has been increasing due to be a source of bio-protectives compounds, such as fatty acids and antioxidants. However, their use may be difficult due to the accumulation of high contents of compounds harmful to human health, such as nitrate and oxalic acid. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of nitrogen fertilization on growth and yield parameters, and on nitrate and oxalic acid concentration in leaves and stems. Plants of golden-leafed purslane of sativa subspecies were grown in styrofoam boxes with substrate and fertigated 2 times per week along 4 weeks with ammonium-nitrate solution (16.9% NO3-N and 17.6% NH4-N), for testing 4 nitrogen levels (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg N ha). Plant growth, yield, nitrate and oxalic acid concentrations were significantly affected by nitrogen application. The best quantity/quality ratio was achieved in fertilization level of 60 kg N ha, in which the yield was 5.1 kg m FW and nitrate concentration was 48.98 and 43.90 mg g DW in leaf and stem, respectively, and oxalic acid concentration was 1.27 and 0.55 mg g DW, in leaf and stem, respectively, values not harmful to consumer health.

Abstract: Analysis of the methanolic extract of seeds of Portulaca oleracea results in the isolation of taraxerane-type triterpenoids, viz., taraxerol 1, acetyl aleuritolic acid 2, portaraxeroic acid A (olean-14-en-3β-yl acetoxy-23-oic acid) 3 and portaraxeroic acid B (olean-14-en-3β-yl acetoxy-30-oic acid) 4. The structures of compounds have been determined on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analysis. The significance of their occurrence in P. oleracea is discussed from the biosynthetic viewpoint.

Abstract: Portulaca oleracea is a cosmopolitan plant It has antioxidant and antinflammatory properties with applications in cronic human diseases, such as diabetes and arterial hypertension It is also used as food and nutraceutic properties have been attributed to it, with high omega-3 content This indicates that P oleracea represents a local resource for human diet or for the enrichening of livestock products with omega-3 In the Tropics, particularly in Campeche, Mexico, it is found in family backyards, so their properties could be divulged to contribute to its consumption or, in this case, to explore the possibility of enriching hen eggs from backyard systems with omega-3 essential oils

Abstract: The invention discloses an interplanting method for phyllostachys pubescens and portulaca oleracea. According to the method, the phyllostachys pubescens and the portulaca oleracea are reasonably interplanted, the idle place of the phyllostachys pubescens is fully utilized, the portulaca oleracea does not fight with the phyllostachys pubescens for fertilizer, light and water and is not prone to burn, and the portulaca oleracea can be harvested many years by being sown once through the growth property of the portulaca oleracea; through the growth competition advantage between the portulaca oleracea and weeds, the intertillage weeding frequency is decreased, the comprehensive production benefit is increased while the labor intensity is reduced, and meanwhile a forest fire can be effectively prevented. The method is easy to operate, significant in benefit and very easy to popularize.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for extracting portulaca oleracea L. polysaccharide through pectinase. The crude Portulaca oleracea L. polysaccharide extracted through the method has good oxidation resistance. The method comprises the following steps that firstly, fresh portulaca oleracea L. is washed thoroughly, dried at the temperature of 50+/-1 DEG C, smashed, subjected to petroleum ether degreasing and dried at the temperature of 50+/-1 DEG C; secondly, ultrapure water and enzyme extraction is carried out, wherein the dry portulaca oleracea L. obtained in the first step is taken to be mixed with water, pH of a system is adjusted to be 4.8-5.2, the pectinase is added for extraction, enzymolysis is carried out at the temperature of 25-40 DEG C for 1-2 hours, and enzymatic hydrolysate is obtained; thirdly, the enzymatic hydrolysate is subjected to 100-DEG C boiling water bath to achieve enzyme inactivation, and after centrifugal separation is carried out, leach liquid containing the portulaca oleracea L. polysaccharide is obtained. The prepared portulaca oleracea L. polysaccharide is high in reducing capacity on Fe and Ce , high in clearance rate on hydroxide radical and superoxide anion free radical and good in oxidation resistance; compared with hot water extraction and ultrasonic-assisted extraction, the method has the advantage that the energy consumption is low. The antioxidant activity of the portulaca oleracea L. polysaccharide is superior to that of VC.

Abstract: Background: Portulaca oleracea , locally known as Leipak-kundo, which belongs to portulacaceae family is an annual succulent prostrate herb with 15-30 cm long stem, fleshy leaves, and flowers. The plant is used for the treatment of gonorrhea, gum and teeth complaints, scurvy and liver diseases. The constituents of the plant are flavonoids, alkaloids, omega-3 fatty acid, and antioxidants. P. oleracea has been reported to possess hypoglycemic, anti-ulcer, muscle relaxant, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Materials and Methods: The anticonvulsant effect of the aqueous extract of P. oleracea leaves (200, 400, and 600 mg/kg, p.o.) was studied against seizures induced by maximal electroshock (MES) and pentylentetrazol (PTZ) in albino mice. Results: The aqueous extract of P. oleracea leaves decreased the duration of hind limb tonic extension phase and recovery time in MES model. It also decreased the time of onset and duration of clonic convulsion induced by PTZ. The aqueous extract of P. oleracea leaves exhibited significant anticonvulsant effect against MES and PTZ-induced seizures. Conclusion: The aqueous extract of P. oleracea leaves (200, 400, and 600 mg/kg) produced significant anticonvulsant effect against MES and PTZ-induced seizures in mice. The aqueous extract of P. oleracea may be potentiating the GABAergic transmission in the central nervous system.

Abstract: Salinity is among the significant abiotic stresses adversely affecting plant development and yield for a wide range of crops. For quantitative and qualitative expression studies of proton gradient regulator 5 (PGR5) under salt stress, differential display RT-PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) were performed on salt-stress responsive Gossypium arboreum. Alignment of genomic and cDNA sequences revealed that the GPGR5 gene comprises a single open reading frame of 96 amino acids and contains no introns. Alignment of cotton GPGR5 complete amino acid sequence with PGR5 from other plants revealed the following identities: Gossypium raimondii (97%), Amaranthus hybridus (72%), Vitis vinifera (69%), Medicago truncatula (68%), Cucumis melo (62%), Arabidopsis thaliana (62%), Portulaca oleracea (61%), Portulaca grandiflora (60%), and Zea mays (55%). The expression profile was studied in different plant tissues (stem, leaf, and root) under the abiotic stresses salt, drought, and cold. The results showed a 7-fold increased expression of GPGR5 in leaf tissue in salt stress and almost no induction of transcription in root and stem tissues in salt stress. This gene has a good expression pattern under cold stress compared to salt and drought. In future studies, GPGR5 may be used as a prognostic marker for the development of abiotic-stress-tolerant plants.

Abstract: Background: Bacterial endophytes are colonizers of the inner plant tissues in which they do not normally cause any substantial morphological changes or disease symptoms. Endophytic bacteria are safe microorganisms that reside within the plant hosts and are known to enhance the growth and development of host plants, probably by secreting growth hormones. These bacteria are known to enhance growth and products of plants by fixing atmospheric nitrogen, solubilization of phosphate, production of phytohormones and siderophores, and possession of antagonistic activity, as well as reducing the level of stress ethylene in host plants. Objectives: In this descriptive study, we focused on the isolation of bacterial endophytes from three medicinal plants Cichorium intybus L, Pelargonium hortorum, and Portulaca oleracea and screened them for activities against nosocomial isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Methods: Random samples from asymptomatic leaves and branches of three medicinal plants (Cichorium intybus L, Pelargonium hortorum, and Portulaca oleracea) were collected. To isolate the endophytic bacteria, the disinfected portions of the plants were distributed onto the isolation media. To examine endophytic bacterial contents, bioassays were conducted using growing colonies in PA and YEA, inactivating them by chloroform. To test the antibacterial activity of the endophytic bacterial culture broth, filter-sterilized supernatants were poured into cylinders on each bacterial plate. Results: A total of 24 phenotypically distinguishable bacterial endophytes were isolated in pure form from three medicinal plants. In part of the chloroform-inactivated colonies of all 24 isolated endophytes, the most effective herb was C. intybus L, followed by Po. oleracea, and in part of the supernatant culture broth, the most effective herb was Po. oleracea, followed by C. intybus L. Conclusions: Endophytic microorganisms residing in Cichorium intybus L, Portulaca oleracea, and Pelargonium hortorum are a very promising source for production of bioactive compounds. In general, most isolated endophytes had an acceptable effect against indicator bacterial pathogens.

Abstract: The study aimed to determine the dominant species and nutrient content of weeds as feed on a variety of agricultural land in Yogyakarta. Observations were done on of paddy fields,corn,beans and vacant land of Pakem upperland area (621 m asl), as well as paddy fields, chili and vacant land Samas lowland area (10 m asl), three area each. The research was conducted in September-October 2015. The observations was done include measurement of dominance, plant identification and quality of weed. Dominance of weed was measured by using line intercept transect technique. Sample weed identification and quality examination (proximate) was done at the Laboratory of Forage and Pasture Science, Faculty of Animal Science UGM. Results showed that dominant of weeds in the lowland for shrub type were Phyllantus amarus,Commelina benghalensis,Ludwigia octovalvis and Portulaca oleracea while the type of grass were Leptochlo achinensis, Eleusinei ndica, Cyperus compressus, Paspalumdistichum and Brahiariamutica Dominant of weeds in the upperland for shrub type were Ageratum conyzoides,Eclipta alba,Ludwigia octovalvis,Cleome rutidosperma and Portulaca oleracea for type of grass were Digitaria setigera,Eleusine indica,Cyperus iria,Echinochoa oryzides and Fimbristylismiliacea . Thus, found three dominant of weeds with quality of DM and OM respectively Ludwigia octovalvis (18,76%90,95%), Portulaca oleracea (8,09%76,70%) and Eulisine indica (20,67%88,38%).

Abstract: The invention provides medium culture, a seedling growing method and cultivation method of portulaca oleracea L. The substrate of the medium culture is composed of river sand, sawdust, vermiculite and turfs based on the weight ratio of 1: 0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2. The seedling growing method of portulaca oleracea L comprises following steps: cutting branches of portulaca oleracea L into the above-mentioned medium culture and performing subsequent seedling-growing management. The cultivation method of portulaca oleracea L utilizes the above-mentioned seedling growing method of portulaca oleracea L to culture young seedlings of portulaca oleracea L, transplant and then culture portulaca oleracea L. The medium culture, the seedling growing method and cultivation method of portulaca oleracea L have following beneficial effects: medium culture for rapidly and efficiently growing seedlings is developed and dynamically integrated with organic and inorganic substrates in various kinds so that balanced nutrition formulations are achieved; an application range is broad; cultured young seedlings are easily transplanted; seedling recovering speed is high; high survival rate is obtained; and cultivated robust seedlings having well-developed roots at high growth speed are realized.

Abstract: Background: After cancer, cardiovascular and respiratory disorders, stroke is considered as the four major death reasons in general population. Due to the important role of Portulaca oleracea in reducing the inflammatory damages and its protective effect on hypoxic nervous tissue, the present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the intake of Portulaca oleracea oil and the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability in a rat stroke model. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, male Wistar rats (n=35) were randomly allocated into 5 equal groups: Control (distilled water+ischemia); three Experimental groups (Portulaca Oil at doses of 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg+ischemia) and Sham group (no treatment and ischemia). Pretreatment with Portulaca Oil was performed for 30 days, orally through gavage. In each of the groups blood-brain barrier permeability was studied using the EvansBlue concentration. Results: Compared to the Control, the permeability of BBB was decreased only in Experimental groups with 0.50 and 0.75 mg/kg doses. However, the Experimental group with a dose of 0.25 did not reveal any significant difference compared to Control. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, as a precautionary measure for stroke the administration of Portulaca oleracea oil can reduce the BBB permeability.

Abstract: Soil salinity and alkalinity are common restraints to crop productivity in arid and semi arid regions. Saline and alkaline soils frequently cooccur in nature, but very few studies focus on the effects of various alkali stresses on plants. A study quantifying effect of carbonates salts (sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate and ammonium carbonate) on the activity of some antioxidative enzymes catalase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and superoxide dismutase in the roots and leaves of Portulaca oleracea and Vigna aconitifolia grown under sand culture conditions was conducted. Results showed that the activity of all these enzymes increased under carbonate stress. This might have helped the plants to improve carbonate stress tolerance in both the plants.

Abstract: Analysis of the methanolic extract of seeds of Portulaca oleracea results in the isolation of taraxerane-type triterpenoids, viz., taraxerol 1, acetyl aleuritolic acid 2, portaraxeroic acid A (olean-14-en-3β-yl acetoxy-23-oic acid) 3 and portaraxeroic acid B (olean-14-en-3β-yl acetoxy-30-oic acid) 4. The structures of compounds have been determined on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analysis. The significance of their occurrence in P. oleracea is discussed from the biosynthetic viewpoint.

Abstract: Portulaca granulatostellulata and P. edulisare two subspecies ofcommon purslane. The biomass of both plants was similar; however, with long upright stems and a long vegetative period, P. edulis production was easier. Both subspecies were rich in vitamin C and flavonoids, main organic nutrients’ contents in 25-d-old plants were higher than those in15-d-old plants, and were higher in P. granulatostellulata. Both purslanes were rich in minerals, with the K content being the highest, and was higher in P. edulis, whereas the Ca content was higher in P. granulatostellulata. A similarly high content of polyunsaturated fatty acid, particularly α-linolenic acid, in both purslanes showed their high value in balancing the ω-6/ω-3 intake ratio. Furthermore, all the contents of nitrate and heavy metals in this study were within the safe range, and the oxalic acid content in mature plants decreased to the high level of oxalic acid in vegetables. In brief, both purslanes are excellent reserve crops for use as vegetables and medicines. P. edulis has advantages over P. granulatostellulata regarding plant appearance and the K content. P. granulatostellulata has advantages regarding Vc, flavonoid and other mineral contents; Both purslanes are similar in fatty acid composition and are suitable for picking at a mature stage.

Abstract: The invention provides a making method of portulaca oleracea juice. The processing technological process of material selecting, blanching, juice extracting, clarifying, blending, degassing, sterilizing and cooling is adopted. The method is scientific and reasonable, and the finished product is clear, semitransparent and free of precipitation. The color and luster of juice are close to those of portulaca oleracea normal juice, and the juice has the faint aroma of portulaca oleracea and the faint aroma of apple at the same time and is coordinative and soft in aroma. Meanwhile, the juice has the taste of portulaca oleracea juice and is acceptable in sweetness and sourness and free of foreign flavor. The juice is rich in nutrient, resistant to bacteria and viruses and rich in vitamin C, vitamin B, carotene and the like. The juice is suitable for patients suffering from bacillary dysentery, gum bleeding, hypokalemia and bacterial food poisoning. The juice can be drunk as a tea substitute.

Abstract: Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) belongs to Portulacaceae family, an herb plant which has abounded vitamins and nutrient compounds such as fatty acids, in particular omega-3. Purslane is a highly efficient drought and salinity tolerant plant that grows in hostile environmental conditions in many countries. The study of genetic diversity is a critical component of applied plant breeding for optimizing the choice of parents in a crop breeding program. By investigating the pattern of morphological variation and application of novel molecular biological evidence we are able to test the hypothesis that morphological variation in this polymorphic species corresponds to genetic differences rather than to geographical isolation. Diversity analysis at the molecular level using PCR based markers is the efficient and rapid method of identifying the relationships and differences among the genotypes. In the present study, genetic diversity and relationships among 20 collected genotype purslane accessions were evaluated using morphological characters and ISSR markers in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Results of cluster analysis based on morphological traits shown that the studied genotypes classified into 9 groups. The genotyping data were used to understand the relationships among the collected accessions and identify genetically diverse genotype purslane. The 25 primers gave a total of 92 bands, among which 62 were polymorphic (67.4%). The genetic diversity as estimated by Shannon’s information index was 0.55, revealing a quite high level of genetic diversity in the germplasm. The average number of observed allele, effective allele, polymorphic information content (PIC) and Nei’s index were 2, 1.65, 0.37 and 0.37, respectively. Cluster analysis based on similarity coefficient using Unweight Pair Group Method with Arithmetic mean (UPGMA) indicated wide range of diversity across the studied accessions. There is no significant correlation between morphological and molecular traits.

Abstract: Plant growth and the expression of two transporter genes; PoHKT1 and PoVHA transcripts in root and shoot tissues were studied under salt stress of three Portulaca oleracea sl taxa The study showed no significant differences in ratios between root lengths in saline and non-saline treatments of the three taxa, which was correlated with a clear down-regulation of the PoHKT1 transcripts in the root after 150mM NaCl All measured growth parameters except root length increased in P oleraceae, decreased in P granulatostellulata and remain unchanged after 100mM NaCl in P nitida compared to control under saline conditions The result was consistent with the type of taxon which had significant effect on the shoot length, number of leaves and dry weight (P< 005) All measured growth parameters except root length showed a significant negative correlation with the shoot fold change of PoHKT1 transcripts (r = -0607, -0693 and -0657 respectively) The regulation of PoVHA in root and shoot tissues in the three taxa are significantly different Under salt stress, both decreased uptake of Na+ into the cytosol by decreasing the expression of PoHKT1 and increased vascular compartmentalization ability of Na+ by inducing the expression of PoVHA seem to work more efficiently in P oleraceae and P nitida than in P granulato-stellulata

Abstract: The invention provides an application of an extract of Portulaca oleracea L. as a Uighur medicine in preparation of liver protection drugs and health care products.