Abstract: Compounds or substances which act to reduce nutrient intake, digestion, absorption and utilization and may produce other adverse effects are referred to as anti-nutrients or anti-nutritional factors. Plant sources contain in their raw state wide varieties of anti-nutrients which are potentially toxic. This study was conducted to phytochemical investigation on fruits and plants from India and Iran. Eight plant species were used. A qualitative phytochemical analysis was performed for the presence of polyphenols, saponins, alkaloids, phytic acid, trypsin inhibitor and saponins. The results obtained of the investigated plants showed that the all eight samples were found to be polyphenols but Solanum indicum contains highest value(7.02mg/g). All samples showed the presence of alkaloids, and showed presence of saponins except Alocacia and As- paragus and showed presence of steroids except Chlorophytum and Asparagus. Portulaca with(16.9 TIU/g) and Asparagus with(0.8 TIU/g) contain highest and lowest values of trypsin inhibitor respectively. The phytochemical screening revealed moderate phytate contents except Solanum and Portulaca. The plants are rich sources of polyphenols appear to have protec- tive effects for human health. Trypsin inhibitor and phytic acid may play a role as an antioxidant in plants and may be beneficial to health when it is consumed.

Abstract: The garden plant portulaca (Portulaca oleracea cv.) efficiently removes bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine-disrupting chemical, from a hydroponic solution, but the molecular mechanisms underlying BPA metabolism by portulaca remain unclear. In this study, BPA metabolites converted by portulaca were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. We observed the hydroxylation of BPA and the oxidization of it to quinone. Polyphenol oxidases are likely to contribute to BPA degradation by portulaca.

Abstract: A total of 16 phenolic compounds, including one new and five known N-cinnamoyl phenylethylamides, one new pyrrole alkaloid named portulacaldehyde, five phenylpropanoid acids and amides, and derivatives of benzaldehyde and benzoic acid, were isolated and identified from a polar fraction of an extract of Portulaca oleracea. Their structures were determined through spectroscopic analyses.

Abstract: Normal.dotm 0 0 1 229 1309 UI 10 2 1607 12.0 0 false 18 pt 18 pt 0 0 false false false The effects of oral administration of aqueous (AEPO) and methanolic (MEPO) extracts of Portulaca oleracea at various doses (25mg/kg BW, 50mg/kgBW and 75mg/kgBW) on haematological and plasma biochemical parameters of albino rats were investigated. The extracts were administered on daily basis for 30 days and blood samples for analyses were collected on days 15 and 30. Rats treated with 25mg/kg BW AEPO for 15 days showed a significant (P 0.05) change in all the haematological parameters. Treatment of rats with 25mg/kg AEPO for 15 days caused significant (P 0.05) change in the activities of AST and ALT. These findings on haematological and biochemical parameters suggest that the possible changes in blood chemistry of the treated rats were due to the extracts of Portulaca oleracea .

Abstract: Silicon is known as an element stimulating plant immunity and resistance to unfavorable conditions. Additional treatment with silicon may also cause a positive change in plant performance, improving the quality of ornamental plants. In the years 2009-2010, a two-factorial experiment was conducted involving three cultivars of seasonal ornamental plant species: creeping zinnia Sanvitalia speciosa 'Sunbini', vervain Verbena 'Patio Blue', and purslane Portulaca umbraticola 'Duna Red'. The first experimental factor was the concentration of Actisil preparation being an equivalent of 60, 120, and 180 mg Si×dm -3 , applied three times by spraying, the second one was the type of medium: peat substrate and peat substrate with sand. The experiment proved the beneficial effect of fertilization with silicon on plant development of Verbena and the number of shoots of all examined plant species. The higher concentrations of Actisil were applied, the higher number of shoots the plants developed. Plants treated with Actisil also produced a higher number of buds and flowers or inflorescences featuring an increased diameter. Plants cultivated in peat substrate flowered better.

Abstract: The anatomy and morphology of seeds from 10 Hawaiian Portulaca taxa were examined to explore patterns of variation among the taxa, and to evaluate their phylogenetic relationships. Features of seeds were assessed employing microtechnique procedures, statistical analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Anatomically, the orientation of embryo was consistent across taxa, and all seeds examined had central nutritive tissue and integuments comprising the peripheral embryo. Seeds were generally small, circular to ovoid in shape, and either smooth or rough-surfaced, with tubercules. Variation in seed size was noted, although minimal within small seeded group. The size of seeds ranged from 0.50~1.26 mm in length, and 0.55~1.34 mm in width, with similar weights. Seeds were distinguished by the sculpture and arrangement of the testa epidermis and the way in which their stellulate-tessellate cells uniquely fit together. Using a multiple range test (ANOVA), two groups were established by seed characteristics. The SEM also demonstrated morphological differences in testa sculpturing. The results obtained confirm the usefulness of seed characteristics in the identification of the species examined, and furthermore, allow for the separation of the Hawaiian Portulaca into two groups.

Abstract: A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the influence of harvest intervals on biomass yield and omega fatty acids of ‘Golden purslane’ (Portulaca oleracea). Nutrients were supplied as a modified full-strength Hoagland solution two to three times weekly. Plants were harvested sequentially at 20, 40, and 60 days after transplanting (DAT) corresponding to 42, 63, and 84 days after sowing. Fatty acids were determined using a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Harvest intervals significantly influenced foliage fresh and dry weight, leaf number and plant height, and root length and fresh weight and were greatest at 60 DAT. Fatty acid analysis verified the presence of myristate, palmitate, linoleate, and linolenate at 20 DAT and in all three harvests, whereas stearate and oleate were detected only in the last two harvests (40 and 60 DAT). Linoleate, palminate, and linolenate were the most abundant fatty acids in purslane with levels in excess of 300 mg kg. Those for myristate, stearate, and oleate were in excess of 200 mg kg. The ratio of omega-6/omega-3 ranged from 0.44 for Harvest 1 to 1.1 for Harvest 3, whereas ratios for harvest intervals two and three were equal to or greater than the recommended daily human requirement. Results showed qualitative and quantitative differences of harvest intervals of purslane, suggesting that an optimal ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids can be achieved ’20 DAT. Purslane (Portulaca oleracea) is a member of the portulacaceae family and is an annual that produces hundreds of seeds that remain dormant until conditions are favorable for germination. Over the last 10 years, purslane has gained added attention as a result of the discovery that it possessed the highest content of omega-3 fatty acid among several green leafy and succulent vegetables such as spinach, red leaf lettuce, buttercrunch lettuce, or mustard greens (Alamazan and Adeyeye, 1998; Liu et al., 2000; Palaniswamy et al., 1997, 1998, 2001; Simopoulos, 2002). GuilGuerrero and Rodriquez-Garcia (1999) showed that leaves of purslane yielded a greater amount of lipids/100 g dry weight compared with other edible species. There is a fair amount of variation in the lipid content of purslane based on time of harvest. For example, Omara-Alwala et al. (1991) reported that lipid content of purslane leaves and stems varied depending on harvest time [30, 49, or 59 d after planting (DAP)]. Palaniswamy et al. (2001) reported that the concentration of polyunsaturated essential fatty acids in the leaves of purslane harvested at six-, 10and 14-true-leaf developmental stages (corresponding to 35, 49, and 60 DAP) varied significantly. They found a lower concentration of lipids at the 10-true-leaves stage vs. at sixor 14-true-leaf stages. They also reported differences with respect to the ratio of omega-3 to omega-6 regardless of stages of development. Liu et al. (2000) also showed that leaves, stems, and seeds of Australian purslane were an excellent source of alpha linolenic acid compared with American varieties harvested at different stages of growth (45, 60, or 70 DAP) regardless of whether plants were grown in the field or a greenhouse. Total fatty acids and alpha linolenic acid were greater in the seeds, whereas longer-chain fatty acids were not detected in any of the samples. These reports suggest that the amount of omega-3 fatty acids in purslane depends largely on the developmental stage at which the plants are harvested as well as the plant parts analyzed. There are several sources of omega-3 fatty acids that are available commercially, including from fish and flax seed oils. However, these are relatively expensive to obtain and adequately consumed in proper dosages. Growing and consuming purslane would be a relatively inexpensive source of this essential fatty acid. There is limited information available concerning the content and form of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids present in purslane at intermediate harvest intervals. Our objective was to evaluate the influence of sequential intermediate harvest intervals on growth responses and omega-3 fatty acid content of purslane. Materials and Methods Experiments were conducted in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design with three replications. Each replication contained three plots with 18 plants each. Seeds of ‘Golden purslane’ (Nicholas Garden Nursery, Albany OR) were sown in moist commercial Jiffy Mix (Batavia, IL) medium in TLC Pro-Trays transplant flats (TLC Polyform, Inc., Plymouth, MN) and covered with 0.6 cm of the medium. Flats were placed in a greenhouse, watered as needed, and seeds germinated after 3 d. Seedlings were grown for 3 weeks after which they were transplanted into greenhouse beds containing a 1:1:1 (v/v) mixture of Jiffy mix, sand, and soil. Seedlings were placed 20 cm within and 25 cm between rows totaling 18 plants per plot. Plants were fertilized with a modified fullstrength Hoagland nutrient solution (Hoagland and Arnon, 1950) two to three times weekly supplying 84, 31, and 234 mg g nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, respectively. Greenhouse conditions included a 12-h light/12-h dark period by supplementing natural sunlight with cool white fluorescent lamps at sundown and a matching thermoperiod of 28 C light/22 C dark cycle. Relative humidity was 50 ± 5% and photosynthetic photon flux at canopy level averaged 300 ± 25 mmol m s. Fourteen plants each were sequentially harvested at 20, 40, and 60 DAT and separated into tops and roots. Both plant parts were placed under running tap water followed by two successive deionized water rinses to remove adhering soil. Shoots and roots were blot-dried on paper towels after which fresh weights were taken. Plant tissues were dried at 70 C for 72 h and dry weights of component plant parts determined. Samples of shoots for gas chromatographic analysis were frozen and stored at –80 C before freeze drying for at least 24 h before analysis. After freeze drying, samples were ground to a fine powder in a Waring Commercial Laboratory Blender (Torrington, CT). Received for publication 9 Sept. 2011. Accepted for publication 17 Jan. 2012. This research was supported by funds from USDA/CSREES Grant No. ALX-SP-1. Contribution of the George Washington Carver Agricultural Experiment Station, Tuskegee University. Former Graduate Student. To whom reprint requests should be addressed; e-mail mortleyd@tuskegee.edu. HORTSCIENCE VOL. 47(3) MARCH 2012 437 A gas chromatograph linked to a mass spectrometer (Shimadzu, Osaka, Japan) was used to analyze for omega-3 fatty acids according to the method of Nielson (2003). A 0.5-g sample was added to 5 mL of hexane and incubated at room temperature for 30 min on a shaker at 50 rpm followed by centrifugation at 5000 rpm for 10 min and filtered through a funnel containing 1 g of anhydrous sodium sulfate to remove excess water. Sodium methoxide reagent (1.5 mL) was added to the hexane solution and the mixture shaken for 1 min to methylate the fatty acids, to which 5 mL of NaCl solution was added. Before analyses, all samples were filtered to pass a 0.2-mm filter to remove impurities. To identify peaks on the chromatogram, retention times, peak heights, and areas were compared with standard fatty acids as well as with those in the mass spectrometry library. Fatty acids were expressed as a percentage and compared with established standards (Nu-Chek Prep, Elysian, MN). Data were combined by treatments and tested by analysis of variance using the General Linear Model procedure (SAS Institute, 2009) with significance determined at the 0.05 level of probability. Results and Discussion Harvest interval significantly influenced both aboveand below ground biomass (Table 1). Foliage fresh and dry weight, number of leaves per plant, plant height, root length, and root fresh weight all increased substantially as plants matured and were highest at 60 DAT. These increases in biomass with harvest intervals are consistent with those reported by Palaniswamy et al. (2001); they characterized the developmental stages in terms of the appearance of true leaves rather than DAT. At 20 DAT, four fatty acids were identified: myristate (C14:0), palmitate (C16:0), linoleate (C18:2), and linolenate (C18:3; Fig. 1), whereas six were identified at 40 and 60 DAT (stearate C18:0 and oleate C18:1) inclusive of the four identified at 20 DAT. Five of the fatty acids increased substantially with harvest intervals. However, myristate (C14:0) remained virtually unchanged between 40 and 60 DAT. All the fatty acids except myristate (C14:0) increased an average of 1.5to 2.5fold from 20 to 60 DAT. That myristate (C14:0), palmitate (C16:0), linoleate (C18:2), and linolenate (C18:3) were identified at 20 DAT suggests that they are apparently synthesized during early developmental stages, whereas stearate and oleate are synthesized during later stages of growth. Linoleate, palminate, and linolenate were the most abundant fatty acids in purslane with levels in excess of 300 mg kg. Those for myristate, stearate, and oleate were in excess of 200 mg kg (Fig. 1). Similar fatty acid profiles of purslane have been observed by others (Guil et al., 1996; Guil-Guerrero and Rodriguez-Garcia, 1999; Liu et al., 2000; Omara-Awala et al., 1991; Palaniswamy et al., 2001). Indeed, Palaniswamy et al. (2001) identified palmitate, stearate, oleate, linoleate, and linolenate in purslane leaves at different developmental stages (six-, 10-, and 14-true-leaf stages) but reported that the increase in fatty acids was not steady. In contrast, our results showed a steady increase in fatty acids from 20 to 40 DAT and substantial increases up to 60 DAT. Palaniswamy et al. (2001) used leaves, however, whereas we used the entire aboveground plant parts. Omara-Alwala et al. (1991) analyzed individual parts as well as whole plants and obtained fatty acid profiles, which decreased after the first harvest and subsequently increased at final harvest in every plant

Abstract: Danin A. & Bagella S.: A new cultivar microspecies of the Portulaca oleracea aggregate from the E Mediterranean. — Willdenowia 42: 63–65. June 2012. — Online ISSN 1868-6397; © 2012 BGBM Berlin-Dahlem. Stable URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3372/wi.42.42106 A purslane cultivar from Cyprus, previously referred to as Portulaca sativa, is recognised as a separate microspecies and described as a species new to science, which is so far also known from Turkey, Lebanon and Sudan. It differs from P. sativa by its seed surface ornamentation and from the wild P. rausii by its larger seed size.

Abstract: Portulaca (Portulaca oleracea cv.), a garden plant, e ciently removes endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) including bisphenol A (BPA) from hydroponic solution. We hypothesized that polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was involved in the initial steps of detoxifying EDCs in portulaca roots. In order to elucidate the molecular basis of portulaca’s ability to metabolize EDCs, we rst isolated ve PPO genes (PoPPO1–5) that were expressed mainly in portulaca roots. Among these genes, PoPPO2, PoPPO4 and PoPPO5 were introduced into cultured tobacco cells and expressed as active forms. We found that crude extracts from the cells expressing PoPPO2, PoPPO5, and to a lesser extent PoPPO4, could metabolize BPA. In addition, we found that the BPA metabolites from crude extracts of cells expressing PoPPO2, PoPPO4 and PoPPO5 were identical to those of portulaca. Moreover, PoPPO2 and PoPPO5 also caused hydroxylation of octylphenol, nonylphenol and 17β-estradiol. erefore, these results strongly suggest that PoPPOs signi cantly contribute to the superior ability of portulaca to metabolize EDCs.

Abstract: Uotila P., Sennikov A. N. & Danin A.: The nomenclature of Portulaca oleracea and P. sativa (Portulacaceae). — Willdenowia 42: 25–28. June 2012. — Online ISSN 1868-6397; © 2012 BGBM Berlin-Dahlem. Stable URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3372/wi.42.42102 The name of the common purslane, Portulaca sativa, is lectotypified with an illustration from Lobel's Plantarum Seu Stirpium Icones and a supporting epitype specimen is designated. P. officinarum is shown to be a superfluous, though formally legitimate, name for P. oleracea. Confirmed records of P. sativa s.str. for several European and Mediterranean territories are listed.

Abstract: Experiments were conducted under laboratory and greenhouse conditions to investigate the allelopathic potential of aqueous extracts of dry and fresh leaves of Psidium guava on purslane weed growth and root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita infecting sunflower plants cv. Giza 102. A Petri dish assay showed that the aqueous extracts significantly reduced seedling length of purslane (Portulaca oleracea), with the degree of inhibition being concentration dependent. Greenhouse studies (in 2008 and 2009) indicated greatest significant inhibition in purslane growth as well as number of galls and egg masses of infecting nematode. However, this inhibition was accompanied with increase in sunflower growth and yield. The studies indicated increase in the endogenous contents of total phenols in purslane tissues which correlated with growth inhibition. Chemical analysis indicated increase in the contents of carbohydrates, protein and oil in sunflower seeds. The studies involved analysis of fatty acid composition by...

Abstract: In October 2011, during a survey for pospiviroids in ornamental plants, leaf samples were collected from two symptomless Portulaca sp. plants of two different varieties grown in a flower bed. Total RNA of each sample was extracted twice from 15 mg of leaf tissue using the MagMaxTM-96 total RNA isolation kit (Ambion, USA). The samples were tested by RT-PCR using semiuniversal pospiviroid primers [Pospi1-RE/FW and Vid-RE/FW (Verhoeven et al., 2004)]. A product was amplified with primer pair Pospi1-RE/FW but not with primer pair Vid-RE/FW. The amplicon from each total RNA extract was custom sequenced (Macrogen, The Netherlands). Blast sequence analysis showed high identity with Iresine viroid 1 (IrVd-1). Primer pair IrVdFW1/IrVd-RE1 (Verhoeven et al., 2010) was used to amplify the full-length viroidal genomes. Amplicons were successfully cloned into pGEM-T easy vector (Promega, USA) and transformed into E. coli JM109 competent cells (Promega, USA). At least eight clones per sample were sequenced. Master sequences of each sample were deposited in GenBank under accession Nos. JQ889689 and JQ889690. They showed 99.7% identity between each other and 96.7-98.6% identity with other IrVd-1 sequences (GU911350, DQ094294, NC_003613 and DQ94293). This is the first report of IrVd-1 in Slovenia and the second report of IrVd-1 in Portulaca sp. worldwide. Portulaca sp. was first reported as a host of IrVd-1 in 2010 (Verhoeven, 2010). Unlike other pospiviroids IrVd-1 does not seem to present a threat to potato and tomato (Verhoeven et al., 2010).

Abstract: To investigate the antiarrthritic activity of petroleum-ether extract of Portulaca oleracea. The petroleum-ether extract of Portulaca oleracea was subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening. Acute toxicity studies were carried out in Male Wistar rats and anti-arthritic activity by Fruends adjuant arthritis model. Phytochemical evaluation revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins and triterpenoids. Acute toxicity studies showed that the extract was non-toxic upto a maximum dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight. Petroleum-ether extract exhibited significant anti-arthritic activity. The present study indicates that the petroleumether extract of Portulaca oleracea has a potential anti-arthritic activity can be used as anti-arthritic drug.

Abstract: The invention provides a portulaca poultry feed additive. The additive comprises the following Chinese herbal medicines in parts by weight: 20-40 parts of portulaca, 20-40 parts of Indian kalimeris herb, 10-20 parts of common jujube bark, 10-20 parts of mugwort, 5-10 parts of herba houttuyniae, 5-15 parts of fructus lycii, 5-15 parts of rhizoma bletillae, 5-15 parts of honeysuckle and 5-10 parts of radix notoginseng. The additive has the following beneficial effects: (1) the portulaca compound additive has special effect on such common enteritis diseases of poultry as pullorosis, the prevention and protection rate is 100% and the mortality rate is zero; (2) by feeding the broilers with the portulaca compound additive, the daily gain of each feather of the broilers is 24.6g on average, which is improved by 12.3% compared with 21.9g of the control group, and the feed conversion rate is improved by 10.9%; and (3) by feeding the laying hens with the portulaca compound additive, the layingrate of the laying hens is 90.8%, which is improved by 8.4% compared with the laying rate of the control group, the hatchable egg rate is 98.8%, which is improved by 3.1% compared with the hatchable egg rate of the control group, the feed to egg ratio is 2.12:1 and the feed conversion rate is improved by 10.2%.

Abstract: The invention discloses an application of extracts from Portulaca oleracea L. in the preparation of anti-liver injury medicines and health foods. Animal experiments in the invention confirm that the extracts from Portulaca oleracea L. have substantial protection effects to various liver injured model animals, so the extracts from Portulaca oleracea L. can be used in the preparation of the anti-liver injury medicines and the health foods, and have good exploitation and utilization prospects.

Abstract: The invention relates to a production method of portulaca health drink, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of selection of portulaca raw materials, impurity removal, washing, blanching, squeezing, filtering, mixing, filtering, homogenizing, sterilizing, sealing, inverting, cooling, labeling and storage.

Abstract: To investigate the antiarrthritic activity of petroleum-ether extract of Portulaca oleracea. The petroleum-ether extract of Portulaca oleracea was subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening. Acute toxicity studies were carried out in Male Wistar rats and anti-arthritic activity by Fruends adjuant arthritis model. Phytochemical evaluation revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins and triterpenoids. Acute toxicity studies showed that the extract was non-toxic upto a maximum dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight. Petroleum-ether extract exhibited significant anti-arthritic activity. The present study indicates that the petroleum- ether extract of Portulaca oleracea has a potential anti-arthritic activity can be used as anti-arthritic drug.

Abstract: Five triterpenoids, epifriedelanol (1), friedelin (2), lupeol (3), -sitosterol (4), daucosterol (5), and one phenyl propanoids ester, trans-docosanoyl ferulate (6) were isolated from the whole parts of Portulaca oleracea. They were determined using a combination of spectroscopic analyses (, -NMR, and MS data) and evaluated for their cyclooxygenase inhibitory activity. Compound 6 exhibited inhibitory effect with values of and 1.6 mM on COX-1 and COX-2 activities, respectively.

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To isolate and identify the chemical component of chemical constituents from Portulaca oleracea METHODS: The chemical constituents were isolated by macroporous resin column, silica gel column and HPLC, and their structures were elucidated by NMR, ESI-MS, DEPT,1H-1H-COSY, HMQC and HMBC RESULTS: 5 compounds were isolated from the extracts of P oleracea, such as syringin(1), tridecanoic acid(2),9,12-octadecadienoic acid(3), 11,14,17-eicosatrienoic acid(4),hexacosanoic acid(5) They were isolated from P oleracea for the first time CONCLUSION: The study can provide reference for further development and application of P oleracea

Abstract: The hypoglycemic effect of Portulaca oleracea have been documented. Its ability to enhance glucose tolerance in wistar rats made diabetic by chronic fructose feeding was studied. Eighteen female wistar rats were divided into three groups of six rats each. Group 1 (Normal Control) was fed with normal rat chow. Group 2 (Experimental Group I) was fed with fructose mixed with top feed (50% of fructose + 50% of top fed) to induce diabetes and exposed to low dose of Portulaca oleracea extract (200mg/kg). Group 3 (Experimental Group II) was fed with fructose mixed with top feed (50% of fructose + 50% of top fed) to induce diabetes and exposed to high dose of Portulaca oleracea extract (400mg/kg) for two weeks after which the rats were fasted overnight and glucose tolerance test was carried out on each rat the following morning. Student”s t test was used to analyze data. Results show that Portulaca oleracea has the ability to enhance glucose tolerance in diabetic rats. It could be considered therefore in post meal control of blood glucose in insulin resistant diabetic patients.

Abstract: PURPOSE: A lactic-acid fermented soap using fermented liquid of Portulaca oleracea is provided to minimize dryness of skin generated by excessive removal of sebum components at cleansing and to prevent skin diseases such as atopy. CONSTITUTION: A manufacturing method of a lactic-acid fermented soap using fermented liquid of Portulaca oleracea comprises: a step (s101) of gathering and cleaning Portulaca oleracea; a step(s102) of mixing the Portulaca oleracea with brown sugar; a step(s103) of fermenting a mixture of Portulaca oleracea and brown sugar; and a step of extracting raw liquid from the mixture and obtaining a lactic-acid fermented raw liquid by measuring the raw liquid. A lactic-acid fermented soap using fermented liquid of Portulaca oleracea comprises a raw liquid additive consisting of the lactic-acid fermented raw liquid, a soap additive consisting of glycerin and lavender oil, and an MP soap base. [Reference numerals] (s101) Step gathering and cleaning Portulaca oleracea; (s102) Step mixing the Portulaca oleracea with brown sugar; (s103) Step fermenting a mixture of Portulaca oleracea and brown sugar; (s104) Step extracting raw liquid from the mixture and obtaining a lactic-acid fermented raw liquid by measuring the raw liquid

Abstract: 近年,神奈川県の主要露地野菜の一つであるコマツナ Brassica rapa var. perviridis の生産圃場において,9~ 10 月に炭疽病の発生が顕著となっている。神奈川県茅ヶ崎市 のコマツナ生産圃場において 2010 年 10 月上旬に炭疽病 が甚発生した際,圃場の状況を調査したところ,圃場内あ るいは周辺でコマツナと同時期に生育していたスベリヒユ (Portulaca oleracea L.,スベリヒユ科)とホトケノザ(Lamium amplexicaule L.,シソ科)の葉に,褐色~灰褐色の小円斑症 状を認めた。これらから分離した菌株を分離源宿主に相互接 種し,病原性について検討した結果について報告する。なお 本稿の一部については,平成 24 年度日本植物病理学会大会 において発表した。本稿をまとめるにあたり,病原菌種名に ついて,三重大学中島千晴博士に有益なご教示をいただいた。 また雑草の草種について,神奈川県立フラワーセンター大船植 物園の富田裕明氏に同定いただいた。記して御礼申し上げる。 材料および方法 1.病原菌の分離 葉の病斑部分の切片を 70%エタノールで洗浄後,次亜塩 素酸ナトリウム溶液(有効塩素濃度 0.5%)で表面殺菌した。 直ちに,素寒天培地に置床し,25°C,暗所で2,3日間培養後, 伸長した菌糸の先端部分をポテトデキストロース寒天培地 (PDA)に置床し,同様の条件で6日間培養したのち,培地 上の分生子を単胞子分離して供試菌株を得た。 2.接 種 試 験 分離菌株の病原性を確認するため,コマツナ,ホトケノザ およびスベリヒユの健全株に対する接種試験を行った。コマ ツナ(品種:‘あゆみ’)は直径6cmのポリポットに1株ずつ 植え,ホトケノザとスベリヒユは神奈川県農業技術センター 内に自生していた無病徴株を土耕温室に移植して供試した。 コマツナは 25°C,16 時間照明の人工気象器内で 2010 年 12 月,ホトケノザは 2011 年4月,スベリヒユは 2011 年9月 に試験した。供試分離菌株を,PDA 平板培地上で 25°C,暗 所で 10 日間培養したのち,菌叢に滅菌蒸留水を加え,筆で 菌叢表面を擦り,液を回収し滅菌キムワイプで濾過し 1.0 × 10cells/ml の分生子懸濁液を調製した。これを各供試菌株に つき各供試植物とも3株,噴霧接種した。また各試験で,無 接種株を3株設けた。接種後はビニールトンネルで株を覆い, 接種2日後にビニールシートを除去して症状を観察した。 3.病原菌の形態 供試菌株をジャガイモ・ニンジン煎汁寒天(PCA)平板 培地上あるいはスライドカルチャーにおいて 14 日間 25°C暗 所で培養し,分生子と付着器の特徴の観察,形態の計測を行っ た。分生子層上の剛毛の観察は,供試菌株をポテトデキスト ロース寒天(PDA)平板培地上で,14 日間 25°C暗所で培養 して実施した。 Colletotrichum higginsianum によるホトケノザおよびスベリヒユ炭疽病(新称) の発生と病原菌のコマツナに対する病原性確認

Abstract: The results of studying the effect of acetochlor and its mixtures on the emergence of Portulaca oleracea weed revealed that in general the least effective treatments were acetochlor mixture with citric acid with 2.74 weeds/ m 2 as a mean, followed by acetochlor alone (2.30). While the most effective treatments resulting in low mean were acetochlor+ phosphoric acid (0.52), followed by the other treatments. For X. brasilicum the mean values showed that acetochlor half dose with phosphoric acid, with palm oil and with capl 2 crude oil were the most effective mixtures with (0.19, 0.41 and 0.30 weed /m 2 ). The mixture with citric acid was the least effective (0.96 weeds /m 2 ) beside acetochlor alone with (1.96 weeds /m 2 ) comparing with 4.33 weeds / m 2. While full dose of acetochlor was more effective on inhibiting the emergence of both tested weeds. Acetochlor mixture with phosphoric acid was the most effective mixture in suppressing both weeds emergence. In general the fresh weight obtained from treatment with half recommended dose was higher than that obtained on treatment with full dose. Acetochlor alone and its mixture with citric acid resulted in fresh weight higher than all the other treatments as for the full dose and its half of the two tested weeds. There was very high % germination of the cucumber as a test plant in the treated soil layer 5 – 10 cm. This may be due to the effect of the tested adjuvants except for citric acid which didn’t show the same effect. The persistence of acetochlor with phosphoric acid was higher than all the other treatments during the experiment interval including acetochlor alone. The highest RL50 value was that of acetochlor with phosphoric acid (27.73 days), while the lowest was that of acetochlor with arabic gum (6.56 days).

Abstract: The invention discloses a glycoside ester compound and a preparation method and application thereof. The molecular formula of the glycoside ester compound is C26H38O12. The preparation method comprises planting portulaca oleracea linn, and performing heavy metal stress treatment to plants in the growing process of the portulaca oleracea linn.; harvesting after the portulaca oleracea linn grows to an adult plant, placing the whole portulaca oleracea linn plant or the tissues of the portulaca oleracea linn in an organic solvent to perform digestion, separating to obtain digestion liquid, extracting the digestion liquid, and obtaining an extract after the extraction liquid is concentrated; and carrying out chromatographic separation and purification treatment to the extract, and obtaining the glycoside ester compound. The glycoside ester compound with a novel structure is extracted and separated from the planting portulaca oleracea linn undergoing heavy metal stress treatment, has good anti-tumor activity, can be used for preparing anti-tumor drugs or tumor-preventing health-care food, and has good developing prospects.