Abstract: This study sought to identify the main themes of sensory experiences of Douro wineries shared online by tourists. Douro is a demarcated wine region famous for Port, which is on the United N...

Abstract: Drawing on the business model innovation theory and the resilience theory, the present study explores existing literature on the capacity of digitalization and new technologies for the sustainable ...

Abstract: Efficient port logistic operations and management are critical for global trade and transportation services. The current port logistic handling systems are highly centralized and offer limited opportunities for collaboration among diverse stakeholders. Moreover, existing systems fall short of providing traceability, transparency, information security, and immutability of data stored and exchanged during various operational pro- cesses. As a result, the productivity of port terminals is adversely affected. Blockchain is an emerging technology that provides traceability, transparency, auditability through immutable prove- nance data of on-chain trusted transactions, in a decentralized manner without intermediaries or trusted third parties. In this paper, we discuss the potential role of blockchain technology in transforming port logistic operations and services, provide use cases and frameworks that improve port logistics operations. Furthermore, we employ permissioned blockchain architectures to map port logistics services to highlight system components, participants, and deployment alternatives to automate logistics operations. Finally, we outline open research issues and chal- lenges that are barriers to adoption

Abstract: Port sustainability studies are increasing rapidly and are skewed toward environmental aspects, while at the same time their results are fragmented, making it difficult to collectively assess conclusions. This study, therefore, aims at building a framework which categorises port actions, measures, and implementation schemes (policy tools to improve the uptake), utilising the critical literature review method. Additionally, linkage of port sustainability to the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs) is highlighted. Port sustainability includes internal (port side) and external (ships and land transport) actions and measures. The study results form 16 homogeneous and interconnected sustainability categories, including a non-exhaustive list of operationalising measures, encompassing the three dimensions of sustainability (environment, economy and society) while implementation schemes are divided into four groups. Considering that ports are under scrutiny and perceiving growing pressure to improve their sustainable pathways, for example by addressing climate change and energy consumption, the identified ports’ sustainability actions and measures, including the linkage with the UN SDGs, are overarching and multidimensional and seen as a step in achieving far-reaching sustainable implementation. The study’s practical implications guide port policymakers and industry practitioners to go beyond the low hanging fruit (customary practices), and enable them to take reliable decisions for broader sustainability implementation. Additionally, the identified research implications stimulate further academic discussions.

Abstract: Digital twin (DT) creates a revolutionary opportunity for the smart ports’ authorities, with the capability of high-fidelity digital representation of real-world things. DT-driven management is able to predict potential risk, it is considered to be a key integration involves transport and operation related with smart port supply chains. This paper presents DT information visualizations & outcome loop of global smart ports’ management, and core technique towards smart ports’ processes based on DT-driven management. A systematic framework of DT-based model for smart port’s management is presented, which can be categorized into physical layer, data layer, model layer, service layer and application layer. Decision-makers engage in operational management through the DT-based models and platform. To illustrate DT mechanism, multi-aspect functional applications of DT-driven management are discussed, including cargo handling and transportation, containers operation and storage, data communication and sharing, risk prediction, and environmental protection in global smart ports. Meanwhile, this paper proposes concerned challenges of DT-driven management integrated with optimized cross-platform in smart ports’ processes, to indicate there are barriers ahead to get to an ideal visual-based management system. Current challenges help decision-makers to determine where to find a proper strategy to win, in the future, DT visual applications can be extended in several directions of global port industry. This work contributes to address a comprehensive overview of DT managing capabilities together with details of necessary architecture to support effective simulations in virtual port’s space. It provides DT-driven platform will enable better management across the smart port activities from design to transport to operation and sustainment of innovative plan.

Abstract: In this paper, a Decision Support System (DSS) with digital twinning-based resilience analysis is proposed as a modern tool for port resilience computation and updating. The proposed DSS assesses the resilience of a port under possible disruptive events given its design, operations and potential pre-defined post-event recovery actions to mitigate the impact of the disruption. Digital twinning provides the fidelity required to realistically predict port performance with taken post-event recovery actions under various possible disruptive events. In addition to hedging against impacts from probabilistically known disruption events, this approach also enables inclusion of ordinary operational uncertainties within the resilience evaluation. This is not generally feasible with other existing resilience quantification approaches. To tackle computational challenges of applying a digital twin for real-world size applications, an optimal computing budget allocation policy is adopted to improve computational efficiency. Results of numerical experiments using a real-world size port demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed DSS and criticality of accounting for ordinary uncertainties in operations in resilience estimation.

Abstract: Maritime transport is the backbone of international trade and globalization. Maritime transport research can be roughly divided into two categories, namely the shipping side and the port side. Most of the classic approaches adopted to address practical problems in these research topics are based on long-term observations and expert knowledge, while few of them are based on historical data accumulated from practice. In recent years, emerging approaches, which we refer to as machine learning and deep learning techniques in this essay, have been receiving a wider attention to solve practical problems. As a relatively conservative industry, there are some initial trials of applying the emerging approaches to solve practical problems in the maritime sector. The objective of this essay is to review the application of emerging approaches to maritime transport research. The main research topics in maritime transport and classic methods developed to solve them are first presented. The introduction of emerging approaches and their suitability to be applied in maritime transport research is then discussed. Related existing studies are then reviewed according to problem settings, main data sources, and emerging approaches adopted. Challenges and solutions in the process are also discussed from the perspectives of data, model, users, and targets. Finally, promising future research directions are identified. This essay is the first to give a comprehensive review of existing studies on developing machine learning and deep learning models together with popular data sources used to address practical problems in maritime transport.

Abstract: Port spaces, functions, and interests have shaped the growth and development of many cities around the world. At times, different stakeholders—private and public, local, regional, national and global—have collaborated to assure the continuity of port functions in old and new locations and, if the port relocates or if that effort fails, to redevelop former port spaces. Through the lens of port- and city-related urban developments in London, Hamburg, and Philadelphia, this article explores the multiple conditions that are part of port city resilience. It uses historical institutionalism as a theoretical framework for understanding these long-term changes, particularly in institutional and governance dynamics. It shows that the development paths of port and city spaces and the actors who shape them are not always aligned. Through the case of London, it shows a development path that is led by private investment building and relocating a world-class port and administrating it from the city center, while local and national institutions only intervene to balance spatial or social short-comings of the private actors. The case of the city-state Hamburg illustrates the development of shared port-city paths under long-term public leadership that has provided direction for the expanding port as well as for the growing city. In the case of Philadelphia, national interests, the Navy, and private investments played an important role in the creation of port infrastructure and, later, in the largely failed transformation of former port areas into public waterfronts. As shipping elites left the city and new land-based employers emerged, such as the University of Pennsylvania, the port-city path was partly discontinued. The article concludes by pointing to the expected capacity of each of these cities to address future challenges. Awareness of historical practices can help readers understand where current conditions may stand in the way of innovative solutions.

Abstract: The increase in greenhouse gas emissions from the transportation sector together with the continued depletion of fossil fuels in general has encouraged an increase in the use of energy storage systems and renewable energy sources at seaports and also on short route yachts and ferries. At present, most seaports, particularly smaller ones, are not provided with cold-ironing facilities—shore-based power facilities, which provide electric power to ships from the national grid. Because of the lack of cold-ironing facilities at most ports, auxiliary diesel engines and diesel generators on ships must be kept operating and online while at berth to supply auxiliary loads of ship. To address these requirements, one possible solution would be to provide cold-ironing facilities at all ports. However, in many circumstances, this is not cost-efficient as a port might be far from the national grid. To overcome these limitations, a seaport microgrid can be formed through the integration of multiple shipboard microgrids (SMGs) with decentralized control together with a charging infrastructure that is located on-shore. This integration of multiple SMGs and port-based charging stations is termed a ship-based seaport microgrid. Typically, power is shared among different microgrids using data communication techniques, which adds to the cost and the complexity of the overall system. This article proposes a communication-less approach based on multimode, decentralized droop control that enables power sharing among several SMGs in both charging and discharging modes based on the state of charge of battery banks—electric power is either supplied or consumed. The proposed approach would be potentially useful for future autonomous ships and also for islands where port electrification is either not technically feasible or an economically viable solution. A simulation and hardware-in-the-loop results are provided to verify the control robustness of the proposed control strategy.

Abstract: The paper applies the multi-level perspective (MLP) in a descriptive study of three Norwegian ports, to shed new light on the sociotechnical processes that structure their efforts to develop into zero emission energy hubs. While exogenous pressures cause tensions over port governance, the studied ports utilize their full spectre of functions; as landlords, operators, authorities and community managers, to enable transition. The respective approaches vary, related to their local context, market situation and social networks, including port's relations with their owners. Individual orientations and organizational capacity further influence their engagement with radical innovation niches (e.g. OPS, hydrogen, LNG). The study highlights the active role of ports in sustainability transition. It shows how the interaction between geographical factors and institutional work influences the scope for new solutions around the individual port, and how this makes for different feedback loops and contributions to sustainability transition in wider transport and energy systems.

Abstract: Most port operators have increasingly integrated cybertechnology into port activities to increase their competitiveness; unfortunately, this digitalization becomes the major vulnerability for the emerging cyberthreat. To help port policymakers develop cybersecurity measures, this study conceptualized and developed three dimensions of port cybersecurity hygiene (i.e. human, infrastructure, and procedure factors) and investigated the relationships between port cybersecurity hygiene and cyberthreats (i.e. hacktivism, cyber criminality, cyber espionage, cyber terrorism, and cyber war). A questionnaire survey was used to collect data from all international container port operators and shipping lines with branches in Thailand, and the proposed relationships were tested by structural equation modeling. The results indicated that container ports tended to encounter hacktivism when their human, infrastructure, and procedure factors were vulnerable. The weakness of the human factor could also lead to cyber terrorism, while the deficiency of the infrastructure factor could lead to cyber criminality. Moreover, container ports were likely to be harmed by cyber espionage if their procedure factor was poorly implemented. Hence, the provision of training and education to all port workers, including top executives, managers, and supervisors, are necessary to ensure a cyberthreat-awareness culture at all organizational levels. Improving cybersecurity equipment could prevent unauthorized access to port business data and keep important information secure, while the ISPS Code-based procedures and other preventive measures should be strictly implemented by container ports to reduce the risk of cyberthreats.