Abstract: This study develops a tangible analytical approach to analyze ship traffic demand and the spatial–temporal dynamics of ship traffic in port waters using big AIS data. By applying the developed approach to the Singapore port waters, we find that the origin-to-destination pairs and navigation routes in the Singapore port waters keep stable over time. Furthermore, there are several hotspot areas in the Singapore Strait where ship sailing speeds are relatively high and ship sailing speeds in a few water areas vary greatly. More interestingly, we find that these hotspot areas well coincide with the spatial distribution of ship accidents.

Abstract: Information systems have become indispensable to the competitiveness of ports, facilitating communication and decision making for enhancing the visibility, efficiency, reliability, and security in port operations under various conditions. Providing value-added information services and analytics is increasingly important to maintain a competitive edge and to fulfill regulatory requirements. Consequently, it is necessary to survey current information systems both from an academic and practical standpoint. In this paper, we present a classification and a comprehensive survey of information systems and related information technologies applied in ports. As such, the paper provides a state-of-the-art information-centric view on port operations and aims to bridge the gap between industry solutions and academic works.

Abstract: The simulation modelling of shore- and sea-side port operations constitutes a fundamental prerequisite for effective project planning in port development, as the influence of numerous often interactive parameters has to be addressed at an early stage to account for the optimum supply of port facilities and services to current and future demand. This paper presents a detailed review of the available research literature on the application of simulation models in port development, through extensive reference to published journal papers from the onset of the relevant simulation modelling and through the course of the past 54 years (1961–2015). With focus on container terminals, this review aims at analysing the use of port related simulation models and ultimately at assessing their contribution into building the research knowledge necessary to promote sustainable ship-port interfaces and freight transport chains. It was found that over the past 50 years the use of simulation models has been increasingly favoured and instrumental in the development of ports and more specifically of container terminals. Most of the research literature addresses operational issues, accounting for its highest concentration and coherence in the research field of operations research, although the need to utilise the wide-ranging capabilities of simulation modelling in order to offer integrated solutions is recently promoting the dissemination of the relevant literature through sector-specific (i.e. transport and maritime) research fields. Finally, the observed tendency to employ simulation tools which offer the most realistic results reflects the research effort to ensure that simulation modelling offers tangible solutions to the maritime and transport industry.

Abstract: The challenge for port developments is to minimize long-term uncertainties associated with port operations, risk of increased costs, and large environmental impacts. The aim of this study is to develop a comparative methodology to assess the sustainability performance of a mixed set of ports (different locations, sizes). This methodology involves ranking various long-term port plans and port vision documents against a set of social, economic, and environmental key performance indicators (KPIs) in order to evaluate and interpret future sustainable port-city development plans. The assessment aims to determine the efficiency and sustainability of each of the case study port plans, relative to other ports. Furthermore, the assessment ranks the considered ports based on comparison of pressures within the ecosystems and society, using publically available data in order to evaluate future changes resulting from these pressures. The classification and ranking of each port have been used to gauge the ability of each port to achieve its sustainability goals for port planning as set out in their port plans. The comprehensive results have been compared with the long-term port plan KPIs to evaluate an array of measures both quantitatively and qualitatively. Most of the highest ranking ports have developed a combination of integrated plans, measures, and regulations for sustainable port developments. This indicates that green-port policies need to be interlinked via social, economic, and environmental dimensions utilizing an integrated approach in order to realize maximum potential and strengthen port processes aimed at developing a sustainable port.

Abstract: Ten years ago, a themed volume on Devolution, Port Governance and Port Performancewas published as part of the Elsevier book series/journal Research in Transportation Economics (Brooks & Cullinane, 2007a). The volumewasmotivated by a wave of port reforms that had been observed taking place around the globe in the 1990s and early 2000s. Although these port reforms were eclectic in both their objectives and the forms they took, they did share a common context in terms of a dynamic world economy characterized by a revitalized globalization of production and consumption, consequent burgeoning growth in maritime trade and, more specifically, booming demand for container transport and its supporting infrastructure provided by container ports and terminal operators. Scholars then activewithin the international Port Performance Research Network (PPRN) provided somemuch-needed precision in defining the emerging devolution of responsibilities within the port sector and its (expected) impact on governance and performance, before moving on to examine the then current state-of-the-art with respect to the port management environment. This work, together with that of Brooks and Pallis (2012), are now acknowledged as “important milestones that contributed significantly to understanding the problem of port governance, strategy and performance” (Borges Vieira, Kliemann Neto, & Amaral, 2014). The extensive analyses contained within the volume revealed the complexity and variation in port policies, governance models and resulting outcomeswhich proliferated across the international arena. By 2017, port reform has hadmore than 10 years to evolve. The port reform timeline hasmoved on, with some countries having implemented no reforms at all, others having achieved significant improvements in performance and yet others rethinking what they have done. The 10th anniversary of the publication of this earlier book provides a highly appropriate time for scholars studying port economics, management and policy to reflect and revisit port governance developments. The current volume is the outcome of this reflection. In Revisiting Port Governance and Port Reform, contributors examine 25 countries with a focus on changes in national port policies with respect to devolution, regulatory reform and newly imposed governance models that have been instigated over the past decade andwhich have exerted a significant influence on the nature of port management. The impact that these policies have had on port strategies and port performance is analysed on a country-by-country basis, with each contribution examining what has happened over the recent past within their particular geographical domain. The overwhelming conclusion of scholars studying port reforms at the turn of the century was that “while governments may have had the best of intentions in establishing a more commercialized footing

Abstract: Ports play a critical role in the economies of many countries in the ASEAN region. Efficient ports facilitate a country's imports and exports, and the “relative efficiency” of a port is evaluated based on its efficiency compared to others in its group. This study analyzes the relative efficiencies of 50 ASEAN container ports and terminals. These ports are categorized according to their container handling system and location (those located in a riverbank connected to the sea are called “inland seaports” and those by the seaside are called “seaports”). The traditional output-oriented data envelopment analysis method is applied, and measures of super-efficiency constant returns to scale are estimated in order to compare the units situated on the efficiency frontier. The findings may support port managers in the ASEAN region to make decisions on whether to increase container traffic. In addition, policymakers may consider the evaluation results in deciding whether to improve the trans-ASEAN transport network and ASEAN trade competitiveness.

Abstract: This study develops a new port performance measurement model by taking the perspectives from different port stakeholders. The novelty lies in the modelling of interdependencies among port performance measures, and the combination of weights of interdependent measures with both qualitative and quantitative evaluations of the measures from multiple stakeholders for quantitative port performance measurement. It represents an effective performance measurement tool and offers a diagnostic instrument for performance evaluation and/or monitoring of ports and terminals so as to satisfy different requirements of various port stakeholders in a flexible manner.

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to investigate environmental policy issues in ports concerning how and how much an environmental policy affects the cost-benefit structure in a port from the economic and environmental perspectives. To mitigate negative environmental impacts in ports, there are stricter regulations that target creative designs for minimizing pollution. Nevertheless, such policies to mitigate environmental impacts result in a cost for the relevant parties, especially the ports themselves. To analyze the impact of environmental policy on ports, a simulation technique based on system dynamics is introduced with the case of Busan port as an illustration. Results show that both the environmental policies (EPs) and the policy options (POs) create positive effects and negative effects on ports. Although EPs and POs seem to increase the negative effects on the port in the short term, they are helpful to strengthen the competitiveness of ports by the vitalization of port activities and the port cluster.

Abstract: Prita Meier's interesting book concentrates on the stone-built structures of Zanzibar and especially Mombasa that are still part of daily practice. By focusing on the recent past, the author seeks ...

Abstract: The ongoing development of world trade has increased the demand for safe and resilient container transport. In this paper, we apply the concept of resilience to the context of a port-hinterland container transportation network. We first propose our definition of resilience within this context, and then build an integer programming model to obtain a quantitative measure of resilience from the perspective of shippers. The model is tested using a numerical simulation based on the specific case of Gothenburg Port and part of its hinterland. Finally, the validity and reliability of the model are tested.

Abstract: This paper analyzes the impact of the Belt and Road Initiative on Europe with a specific focus on Italy. We concentrate on the impact of new railways and port infrastructures on bilateral trade. Our analysis suggests that the development of new railway connections will benefit most of the Northern and Central European countries. Some industries like automotive and electronics that have a higher value to weight ratio will benefit more than others. However, due to higher costs, railway services will never reach a high percentage of total import/export flows. Investment in new port facilities, although less “new” compared with railways, may be a bigger game changer. The development of the Port of Piraeus has already increased the importance of the Mediterranean Sea as an import/export hub for China. If the other planned investments in Egypt and Algeria are completed, this phenomenon will be magnified. This presents a huge challenge for Italy. The Italian port in the high Adriatic Sea could be displaced by Piraeus capacity, especially if this port is linked through railways with the center of Europe. Italy needs to coordinate its ports together with its railway network to take advantage of Belt and Road Initiative opportunities.

Abstract: Port city, which serves as a link between the local economy and the global economy, is an interaction of both urban and port systems, giving rise to its complex and dynamic nature While the development of a port city is an aspect that requires continual research and monitoring, the current literature addressing the issue of sustainable development in port cities is rather limited In addition, empirical studies often analyse the port system and the urban system separately, with little research attempting to integrate the two systems This paper aims to narrow the gap by adopting the systems theory to develop a systems framework for sustainable development of port city, and in particular illustrating its application in the case study of Singapore The three aspects of sustainability for the port system, city system and port-city policies are discussed The analysis shows that the positive relationships between the port and the city in Singapore far outweigh the negative relationships Singapore could continue developing its port, to maximise the positive relationships economically and socially, while minimising the negative relationships environmentally

Abstract: Coastal shipping has been widely recognised as a sustainable and efficient alternative to road transport. However, the barriers encountered in the industry have not been systematically studied in any region. From an Indian perspective, this study aims to prioritise barriers to coastal shipping development for effective policy interventions. It identifies important barriers through a Delphi study and then quantifies their cause-and-effect relationships by the decision making-trial and evaluation laboratory analysis (DEMATEL) technique. It is interesting that the main barriers, those have most impact on coastal shipping development, are not necessarily the ones most widely recognised. The study also uncovers the hidden cause-and-effect relationships between several barriers. Four main barriers are identified: (1) Indian maritime legislation (especially cabotage rules); (2) issues in the infrastructure and procedures at port and port-centric areas; (3) underdevelopment of small ports; (4) lack of a collaborative culture among the various service providers involved in the logistics supply chain. This study finally recommends relaxing cabotage rules to stimulate the inflow of foreign capital to grow coastal shipping, improving the current port system through joint efforts of the ports, Indian customs and government, and fostering supply chain collaboration.

Abstract: Using a game theory approach, this paper analyses a situation in which the government imposes a certain emission tax on vessels and port operations for emission control in port areas. Two ports are considered: a purely private port and a landlord (partial public) port. These two ports are in Cournot or Bertrand competition or cooperation with differentiated service. Our model outcomes lead to the following conclusions. First, the optimal private level of port 2 under Cournot and Bertrand competitions varies between fully private and highly public concerned port, while government will prefer a highly public concerned or close to highly public concerned port in the cooperation scenario. Second, government will have to make more and stricter efforts to enhance environmental protection in the situation of port cooperation (monopoly) than in the case of inter-port competition, and all the optimal emission tax should be always lower than the marginal emission damage. Third, port privatization has a non-monotonous effect on ports’ environmental damage in the inter-port competition scenarios and a monotonous decreasing effect in the cooperation scenario. Fourth, the total emission tax revenue is always higher than the overall environmental damage in the cooperative scenario, and it may or may not be able to cover the whole environment damage in Cournot and Bertrand competitions. Finally, the government may face a trade-off among environmental protection, maximizing social welfare, satisfying individual motivation, when considering port cooperation (monopoly).

Abstract: There is an increase in risks and catastrophic losses in maritime transport including ports and cargo. Significant losses have been associated with large scale natural hazards, such as earthquakes, tsunami, cyclones, and other extreme weather events. This paper identifies the main gaps in understanding maritime risks in transportation research. The gaps are attributed to insufficient empirical work available from the maritime transport and logistics research community to guide multi-risk and natural hazards impact assessment on seaport and cargo. In addition, disaster studies communities have barely made adequate efforts to understand and assess port and cargo risks arising from multi-hazards and disaster events. This paper examines existing conceptual frameworks concerning exposure and risk assessments of natural catastrophe’s impacts. Furthermore, the paper identifies trends and gaps in risk assessment frameworks in the field of disaster studies that can be beneficial for maritime risk research....

Abstract: This study identified a set of applicable and practical green performance evaluation indices for Chinese ports using the Delphi technique The research was conducted by targeting three representative Chinese ports in Eastern China: the Shanghai Port, Ningbo Port, and Qingdao Port An effective expert panel was structured with direct stakeholders related to green performance, which was based on a sufficient consideration of the unique and the special decision-making system for Chinese ports Twenty-one green performance indices in six dimensions (ie liquid pollution management, air pollution management, noise control, low carbon regulations and energy savings, marine biology preservation, and organization and management) were eventually identified through three rounds of iterations The identified green performance indices for Chinese ports are highly consistent with the Chinese Government’s environmental policies Compared with European ports, the green port performance indicators in China are n

Abstract: World trade increasingly relies on longer, larger and more complex port systems, where maritime transportation is a vital backbone of such operations. Port systems are more prone to being risk oriented. Many specific methods have been found to assess risk and safety in a port area or operation. A review is presented of different approaches to quantify the risk in port area. On the other hand, there is no specific risk management method or framework to cope with threats and hazards as a whole. This conceptual paper presents a Port Risk Management (PRM) methodology, seeking to transfer the safety-oriented Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) framework into the domain of port container terminal. The PRM methodology, has been developed to model all the probable port risks, by taking into account its different factors and their mutual influences. This paper presents a risk management methodology into the domain of port container terminals. This methodology constitutes a decision support framework that will be used to conduct port to port risk evaluations or to assess a whole port’s and terminal’s overall risk level in order to facilitate continues improvement strategies. An empirical study is contacted in order to provide evidence for risk management at the port container terminals in Greece. There is a need for methodologies and tools for assessing and managing the overall risk in maritime and port operations, which are increasingly complex and are dependable by systematic and nonsystematic risks. The critical impact on a number of port stakeholders has established a new methodology and a port risk index a considerable task.