Abstract: Although there is widespread recognition of the potential of ports as logistics centres, widely accepted performance measurements for such centres have yet to be developed. The essence of logistics and supply chain management is an integrative approach to the interaction of different processes and functions within a firm extended to a network of organizations for the purpose of cost reduction and customer satisfaction [1]. The logistics approach often adopts a cost trade-off analysis between functions, processes and even supply chains [2]. This approach could be beneficial to port efficiency by directing port strategy towards relevant value-added logistics activities. This paper seeks to show that through conceptualizing ports from a logistics and supply chain management approach, it is possible to suggest a relevant framework of port performance. A proposed framework is tested in a survey of port managers and other international experts.

Abstract: Globalisation, deregulation, logistics integration and containerisation have reshaped the port and shipping industry. Port and maritime companies are challenged to redefine their functional role in the value chain for the sake of creating customer value and of ensuring the survival and growth of the company. Companies are busily trying to disrupt the status quo rather than preserve it. Based on empirical evidence, this paper demonstrates that because of the rapidly changing environment the port and liner shipping markets are not stable any longer. Individual terminal operators and shipping lines tend to walk different paths on a quest for higher margins and increased customer satisfaction. And more than once they (have to) change paths.

Abstract: The research presented in this paper applies the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to reveal and analyse transhipment port selection by global carriers. In all, 47 relevant service attributes were recorded from a literature review. Two rounds of Delphi surveys – followed by brainstorming sessions – were conducted among experts in industry and academia, in order to narrow their number to four main service attributes|[sol]|criteria comprising 12 sub-criteria. An AHP designed questionnaire survey was distributed to 20 port users, which covered the total population of global ocean container operators, and to 20 transhipment service providers (port operators|[sol]|authorities). The results of the AHP analysis revealed that both global container carriers and port service providers had a similar perception of the most important service attributes for transhipment port selection. However, the AHP weight ranking of the sub-criteria involved was not identical between the two surveys, providing scope for further adaptation of service providers to users' priorities. Differences in the performance ranking of six major container ports by global carriers, as revealed in the AHP survey, were then combined with the calculated weights for the 12 transhipment port selection sub-criteria to explore critical attributes where transhipment market strategy could focus. Maritime Economics & Logistics (2004) 6, 70–91.

Abstract: With this article we use an alternative form of the discrete choice model to analyze the distribution of maritime shipments among US ports. We model the distribution as a function of the characteristics that describe each shipment and each port. We assume that vessel schedules are fixed in the short-term and examine the assignment to ports for exports of various commodity-types as a function of geographic location, port characteristics, and characteristics of vessel schedules. We find that the most significant characteristic of a port is its location. We show also how the market share predicted for a port can be expected to vary with each commodity-type and each carrier, and we show how the choice process varies for discretionary cargo.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention achieve a very high success rate in multilayer peer-to-peer connection across firewalls and network address translators (NATs) using a single port on the local host. In one embodiment, a system of providing peer-to-peer connection comprises a plurality of host devices disposed behind corresponding NATs; and a plurality of STUN servers. Each host device includes a first socket bound to a first private port and a second socket bound to a second private port. Each host device sends a first STUN packet through the first socket to a first STUN server and a second group of STUN packets through the second socket to the STUN servers via public ports of the corresponding NAT. The STUN servers identify the public port numbers of the public ports. Each host device is configured to calculate a predicted public port number of the corresponding NAT for the second socket, based on the public port numbers of the public ports for the first socket and the second socket, the predicted public port number to be used for peer-to-peer connection between the second socket of the host device and other host devices.

Abstract: A whole series of changes in world economic order in the last decade such as globalisation of production and consumption, and structural changes in inter- port relations, port-hinterland relationships and logistics have strengthened the role of ports as nodes in the global transport system. In such an environment, port production economics plays an important role in port management considerations. This paper reviews approaches to performance measurement and provides an examination of the applicability of alternative (four-stage) Data Envelopment Analysis to seaport efficiency measurement. The study finds that alternative DEA is a potentially powerful approach to the evaluation of the overall efficiency of seaports.

Abstract: Around ten years have elapsed since the UNCTAD model on port development was put forward as an explanation of how ports have adapted to incorporate technological, political and operational changes. The UNCTAD Three Generation Port Model is critically examined in the light of research carried out under the WORKPORT project funded by the European Commission, 1998–1999. Evidence from the WORKPORT study shows that, rather than developing in discrete steps, ports evolve continuously, adapting to new technologies, fresh legislation, revised working practices and other influences on an as-required basis. Further, it is demonstrated that several streams of evolution can be observed simultaneously; the pace of change within each stream can vary substantially. One of the prominent features of ports is that they often have several terminals, some operating along traditional lines while others may be leading edge in terms of technology, working practices or other aspects; all of them may be equally effective. The UNCTAD model, implying ports develop in discrete steps, or generations, is therefore shown to be fundamentally flawed.

Abstract: This paper provides an extensive overview of the economic importance and development of the Flemish maritime ports, over the period 1995 - 2002. Focusing on the three major variables of value added, employment and investment, it also provides some information about the financial situation of a few vital segments in each port. In addition, it includes figures with respect to the ongoing growth of several cargo traffic segments and attempts to establish a link between these and the progress of the production in the industries at stake. The breakthrough of this research - compared to its previous editions - consists of evaluating the indirect effects of the sectors in question in terms of value added and employment. A few refinements have also been made, such as the routine geographical and functional selection of companies according to the cluster they belong to (NACE-Bel code pproach), the limitation of administrative work incurred, the review of the companysize nalysis, etc. Annual reports data from the Central Balance Sheet have been computed for the calculation of direct effects, the study of financial ratios and the analysis of the social balance sheet. For the estimation of indirect effects, Supply and Use Tables from the National Accounts Institute have been resorted to. The developments in the maritime ports sector are numerous nowadays, namely in the Hamburg - Le Havre range: concentration of capital, privatization of ports logistics services, expansion and dispersion of foreign trade, the internationalization of the production and consumption patterns (e.g. increase in containerized shipments), the latest requirements of world trade concerning transport and distribution. The increase in scale and specialization of the vessels inevitably impact on the operation of the ports. Production, trade and transport are not longer considered as individual, isolated activities, but are integrated in a single system. Therefore, ports have to evolve from mere centres of transport (discharging and loading of vessels) to logistics centres. Moreover, ports able to add value to the goods passing through the port area, have a major asset in a climate of increasing international competition. These developments are also mentioned in this report, since no Flemish port is an exception to this rule.

Abstract: Methods and devices are provided for non-disruptive monitoring of network traffic through one or more ports of a Fibre Channel network device. Preferred embodiments of the invention are used in conjunction with the switched port analyzer (“SPAN”) and/or remote SPAN (“RSPAN”) features. SPAN mode operation allows traffic through any Fibre Channel interface of a network device to be replicated and delivered to a single port on the same network device. Ingress SPAN allows the monitoring of some or all packets that ingress a specified port or ports. Egress SPAN allows the monitoring of some or all packets that egress a specified port or ports. RSPAN allows the delivery of the replicated traffic to a port on a remote network device. Filtering may be applied, for example, to SPAN packets having selected virtual storage area network numbers.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for managing information technology resources. Management capabilities available for a particular IT resource are defined via at least one management interface. The management interface includes port types that specify attributes and operations available in a Web service to manage the IT resource. The port types are mapped to descriptors in a ModelMBeanInfo interface than can be used with an MBean that corresponds to the Web service.

Abstract: Following a description of ISPS and non-ISPS security initiatives, the main risk factors and security threats to ports are identified and analysed, with a focus on the risks stemming from non-tangible assets, flows and processes. Similarly, the various economic approaches to risk management and cost control in shipping are reviewed, and their shortcomings highlighted from the perspective of port logistics and supply chain security. By adopting a channel orientation to ports, the paper suggests that the subject of port security must shift from the current agenda of port-facility security to the wider context of port supply chain security, with a view to ensuring superior security standards and practices in ports and across their supply chain networks. Based on the rationale of logistics integration and supply chain partnership, a conceptual framework to port security is proposed through integrating and optimising three initial models relating, respectively, to channel design and process mapping, risk assessment and management, and cost control and performance monitoring.

Abstract: The present invention provides a technique for securely implementing port-based authentication on a shared media port in an intermediate node, such as a router To that end, the invention provides enhanced port-based network access control that includes client-based control at the shared media port Unlike previous implementations, the port does not permit multiple client nodes to access a trusted subnetwork as soon as a user at any one of those nodes is authenticated by the subnetwork Instead, port-based authentication is performed for every client node that attempts to access the trusted subnetwork through the shared media port As such, access to the trusted subnetwork is not compromised by unauthenticated client nodes that “piggy-back” over the shared media port after a user at another client node has been authenticated by the trusted subnetwork

Abstract: The dry port concept is based on a seaport directly connected with inland intermodal terminals where goods in intermodal loading units can be turned in as if directly to the seaport Between the seaport and the inland terminals, here denoted dry ports, relatively large goods’ flows are being concentrated, giving room for other traffic modes than road The hypothesis behind the article is that a consciously applied dry port concept can shift freight volumes from road to more energy efficient traffic modes that are less harmful to the environment, relieve seaport cities from some congestion, make goods handling more efficient and facilitate improved logistics solutions for shippers in the port’s hinterland The main purpose of the article is to present the theory behind the dry port concept and to define three dry port categories; distant, mid-range and close For each category the benefits are defined from the perspectives of involved actors such as seaports, rail and road operators, shipping lines, shippers, local authorities and the society as a whole In addition, existing applications of the dry port concept are presented regardless of whether these are officially denoted dry ports The article takes a logistic, technological, economic as well as environmental perspective, and is focused on how the new transport networks could be designed and also what can be learned from this by authorities and companies that plan to use or operate similar transport systems

Abstract: Systems and methods to enforce policy in a multi-computer service application are described. The application includes multiple software modules that execute on multiple computers. The multi-computer service application has access to a communications medium that allows data communications between different ones of the computers. The software modules have logical input and output ports and logical data connections between modules. Each logical port is defined by port software. In one aspect, a particular module sends a notification to a policy module. Responsive to the notification, the policy module (a) determines a request for one or more destination modules, and (b) provides the request to an output port of the policy module. The output port forwards the request to input ports of a plurality of the modules in accordance with the logical data connections.

Abstract: Systems and methods of managing a link provide for receiving a remote width capability during a link initialization, the remote width capability corresponding to a remote port. A link between a local port and the remote port is operated at a plurality of link widths in accordance with the remote width capability.

Abstract: Hong Kong, the busiest container port in the world, has been using a regression analysis approach to forecast port cargo throughput for its port planning and development over the decades. In this paper, the neural network models are proposed and developed for forecasting 37 types of freight movements and hence Hong Kong port cargo throughput from 2002 to 2011. The historical data (1983–2000) of freight movements and explanatory factors are the input data used for model development. The models developed are used to forecast 1 year of freight movements for validation with actual data in 2001 and comparison with those forecasted by regression analysis. Using the same models, freight movements are then forecasted for the next 10 years based on projected explanatory factors and combined to form the predicted port cargo throughputs. The Monte Carlo simulation is used to assess the reliability of the forecasts due to projection error of explanatory factors and compare the results forecasted by regression analysi...

Abstract: A disk array controller apparatus (10) is disclosed having at least two logical ports (Logical Port #0-Logical Port #3) for interfacing with a host (12) and having one or more physical ports (Physical Port #0 - Physical Port #4), each physical port arranged for attaching at least one disk drive to the controller, and the controller including a switch (26), said switch providing dynamically configurable data paths (30) between the logical data ports and physical data ports, responsive to the contents of a Mapping Register (24). The Mapping Register defines a desired array disk drive array by specifying an association of each logical port to one of the physical ports. The mapping register can be organized as a logical mapping register, comprising a field for each logical port of the controller, and includes provision for designating a redundant array for RAID operations.

Abstract: Identifies and assesses the key determinants of service quality and determines the quality of service offered by two ports in Nigeria using the SERVQUAL model. The main service attributes that are important to port users are determined. Relevant literature is reviewed to give relevance to the survey. Data for the study was collected via a well‐structured questionnaire, analysed, and perception‐expectation gap scores evaluated. Reveals that the service offered at Port Harcourt had a favorable influence on actual perceptions of quality of service and that there is improved service at the port in comparison with Lagos. Reveals that port managers focus on those dimensions which receive lowest ratings and attributes with high gap scores. This is a single‐industry (port) survey, thus raising doubts about the generalizability of the results. Reveals that port managers should be looking carefully at each of the dimensions where customers perceive receiving a different service than expected. Managers should also be in regular contact with employees in order to assess their service experiences. Shows how using SERVQUAL to identify important attributes of port service quality could be used as an early warning system for ports, thus being an important tool for managers.

Abstract: The paper develops a conceptual framework for analyzing port development in China in a regional context. It presents the Shanghai International Shipping Center as a case study with a focus on the efforts of the Shanghai government to establish a regional hub port that will also involve two nearby provinces. Discussed is the course of the decision making process and the networks currently governing the port development in the Yangtze River Delta. Alse examined are two domains of port governance: the role of port authorities and the influence of local and central governments on the port external governance.

Abstract: Container ports serve as important conduits to facilitate the efficient flow of containerized cargo. As part of value-driven chain systems that intersect between hinterlands, efficiency gains that are generated within the container port will have a direct impact on the competitive advantage of its users and affect the economic potential of both the origin and destination hinterlands. As such, the paper proposes the usage of indifference analysis propounded in microeconomic theory as a useful means to examine inter-container port competition and complementarity. The framework presented can also be combined with Porter's ‘Diamond’ model in order for inter-container port demand relationships to be quantified, measured and analysed in an holistic manner. Apart from analysing inter-port relationships from the standpoint of container ports, the framework can also be used to analyse inter-port relationships from the perspective of other key players in the value-driven chain system and modified accordingly to inc...

Abstract: In accordance with certain aspects of configurable message pipelines, a service allows one or more applications running on a system to communicate with one or more other systems. The service includes a port having a send pipeline to allow the one or more applications to send messages to the one or more other systems and/or a receive pipeline to allow the one or more applications to receive messages from the one or more other systems. Each of the send pipeline and the receive pipeline is configurable by the one or more applications to include functionality desired by the one or more applications.

Abstract: CONTENTS PART I: OVERVIEW 1. "Gateway for the Pacific Rim" 9 2. Regional Trade Catalysts: Local Markets and Governments 39 PART II: HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT: ENTREPRENEURIAL VISIONS AND DEEDS, 1880-1992 3. Local Foundations: Creating the Global Gateways, 1880-1932 80 4. Building for Regional and Global Markets: Leadership and Innovation, 1933-1992 134 PART III: MOUNTING CHALLENGES: THE RIORDAN YEARS, 1993-2001 5. Weathering Storms at the Ports 192 6. Building Trade Corridors: Challenges and Strategies 243 7. International Airport Development: At Stall Speed 294 PART IV: THE NEW MILLENNIUM: AT THE GLOBAL CROSSROADS 8. Rethinking Global Los Angeles: New Challenges and Formulas 351 INDEX TABLES AND FIGURES Tables 1. Placing the Los Angeles Economy in Global Perspective: Countries Ranked by Year 2001 Gross Domestic Product 2. Major U.S. Customs Districts Year 2001 Merchandise Trade: Imports and Exports 3. Major U.S. Customs Districts Year 2001 Merchandise Trade: By Shipping Mode 4. World's Top 15 Container Ports Ranked by Year 2001 Traffic 5. World's 10 Busiest Passenger Airports Ranked by Year 2001 Passenger Volumes 6. World's 10 Busiest Cargo Airports Ranked by Year 2001 Freight Volumes 7. Governance Systems: Los Angeles World Airports, Port of Los Angeles and Port of Long Beach 8. The Port of Los Angeles and the Ballot Box: Bond Votes, 1906-1932 9. The Port of Los Angeles and the Ballot Box: Charter Amendment and Ordinance Votes, 1906-1932 10. The Port of Long Beach and the Ballot Box: Bond Votes, 1892-1932 11. The Port of Long Beach and the Ballot Box: Charter Amendment and Ordinance Votes, 1892-1932 12. The Port of Los Angeles and the Ballot Box: Bond and Charter Amendment Votes, 1933-1992 13. The Port of Long Beach and the Ballot Box: Bond and Charter Amendment Votes, 1933-1992 14. The Los Angeles Airports and the Ballot Box: Bond and Charter Amendment Votes, 1933-1992 15. Capital Expenditure Plans of Top U.S. Ports, 1993-1997 16. Capital Expenditure Plans of Top U.S. Ports, 1997-2000 17. L. A. Charter Reform and Port Governance 18. Top U.S. Container Ports, 1990 and 2000, Ranked By Year 1990 Container Traffic 19. Trading Places: POLA and POLB Container Traffic, 1990-2000 20. Alameda Corridor Funding Sources 21. National Trade Benefits: Year 2000 Two-Way Merchandise Trade Between U.S. Regions and Overseas Trade Partners Shipped via the San Pedro Bay Ports Figures 1. Rail Intermodal Flows (Freight Density in Tons, 1998) 2. Alameda Corridor Rail Project 3. Southern California Rail Corridors 4. San Diego Region/Baja California Ports of Entry 5. Existing and Proposed Southern California Airports, 2000 Library of Congress Subject Headings for this publication: Los Angeles (Calif, ) Commerce History, Los Angeles (Calif, ) Economic policy, Regional planning California Los Angeles

Abstract: A system for mapping a target service port, specified by an application, to an enhanced service port enabled for an application-transparent communication protocol, in a network including a plurality of endnodes, wherein at least one of the service ports within the endnodes includes a transparent protocol-capable device enabled for the application-transparent communication protocol. In operation, a port mapping request, initiated by the application, specifying the target service port and a target service accessible from the port, is received at one of the endnodes. A set of input parameters describing characteristics of the endnode on which the target service executes is accessed. Output data, based on the endnode characteristics, indicating the transparent protocol-capable device that can be used to access the target service, is then provided to thereby enable mapping of the target service port to the enhanced service port associated with the transparent protocol-capable device.