Abstract: A method and apparatus for associating stations to a port on a network concentrator. The network concentrator implements a network having a Ring based topology. Associating stations to ports provides for the coupling of multiple stations to a single port. Three maps are created which describe the network, a port map, a station map and an exit station map. The port map identifies the ports having one or more stations coupled to it. The station map identifies each station in the network. The exit station map identifies for each port with a station coupled to it, the station which transmits data into the port. By identifying the stations between two exit stations on adjacent ports in the network concentrator, the stations coupled to a port are determined. The identification of exit stations is facilitated by the use of an exit station detection circuit located at the port.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing secure communication on open networks. Each port of the network is provided with a security entity which monitors the communication between one port to the other. End stations connected to the ports communicate with other end stations by transmitting data to the port and receiving data from the port. The data is sent out in data packets with a destination address and a source address. Each port has its own unique address. The security entity checks data packets coming into the port for a destination address. The destination address of incoming data packets is compared with the port address of the affiliated port. Also, outgoing data packets from an end station to a port are also monitored by the security entity. The security entity compares the destination and source address of the data packet with the affiliated port address. The security entity cyphers and decyphers a data portion of the data packet depending on whether or not the source address, destination address and port address match. In this way, end stations not destined to read the data portions are thus prevented from doing so. Also end stations which are not authorized to transmit onto the network are prevented from having any users on the network understand their data.

Abstract: his lack of authority to deal with the various military commanders. Equally, the Briggs Plan of June 1950 did not allow for the deployment of troops and police "to guarantee the population security against terrorist attack" (p. 22). In fact, there were more guerrilla-instigated incidents and more civilians killed in 1951 than in any other year of the Emergency, and it was a number of years after that before the rural population of Malaya began to feel secure. But most significantly, there is no attempt to put the military events of the Emergency in a political context despite the point made in the dust jacket blurb that "It became a textbook example of how to fight a guerrilla war, based on political as much as military means." Certainly, there is no discussion of the ebb and flow of political events of the Emergency which were crucial to the availability of solid intelligence and on which successful land and air operations by the security forces were dependent. The book, therefore, ignores General Sir Gerald Templer's 1952 assessment of the situation, noted in John Cloake's Templer: Tiger of Malaya (London: Harrap, 1985), p. 262, that "The shooting side of the business is only 25 percent of the trouble and the other 75 percent lies in getting the people of this country behind us." Interestingly, Cloake's book, as well as a number of other key studies of the government's counterguerrilla strategy, are missing from the bibliography of further readings. One final point: The reference in the subtitle to the "Commonwealth" is mystifying. There is, for example, no assessment of the decision to bring in forces from outside Britain or any detailed examination of the role of Commonwealth units in the campaign against the communists. All these points serve to reinforce the general feeling of this reader that the book is mistitled and that the author has no grasp of the events of the Emergency beyond some files he came across in Ministry of Defence archives.

Abstract: A shared-buffer-memory-based ATM switching module (FIG. 1) used with ATM cells having a multiplicity of priorities has a plurality of queues (100) for each output port (O-N), one for each cell priority, and handles buffer overflow in a manner fair to all output ports. It initially allows output-port queues (100) to completely consume the buffer memory (12). Thereafter, when an additional incoming cell is received for which there is no room in the buffer memory, the lengths of all of the queues of each output port are individually summed (402) and compared to determine which port has the greatest number of buffered cells (406). A buffered ATM cell is discarded (410) from the lowest-priority non-empty queue of that port (408). The incoming cell is then stored in the memory space vacated by the discarded cell (412).

Abstract: The diffusion of containerization has changed not only how general cargo is handled, but where. Using the Gini coefficient, we show that general cargo port traffic has become more concentrated from 1970 to 1988 because of four technological changes: containerization, larger ships, larger trains, and computerization of freight tracking and billing. These four technological changes have spawned four kinds of intermodal services: microbridge, minibridge, landbridge, and round-the-world. We reconcile this concentration trend with Hayuth's (1988) seemingly contradictory finding that containerized cargo, which makes up most of general cargo, became less concentrated throughout the U.S. port system from 1970 to 1985. Anticipated future technological innovations are expected to continue the concentration trend. Our results fit well into Slack's (1990) proposed addition of a seventh stage (dropping of redundant nodes) to the Taaffe, Morrill, and Gould (1963) model of network development. In a methodologica...

Abstract: A dual-port processor architecture wherein a first port interfaces to a PCI bus and a second port interfaces to a RAMBUS channel.

Abstract: In a TDM/TDMA digital radio communications system, each portable unit in accessing the system must select the "best" port through which to route each call. The so called "best" port may not, however, have an idle time-slot to accommodate the call. Attempts to route a call through a busy "best" port, or busy "second best" port will decrease the throughput of the network and result in increased call setup time. An autonomous selective routing scheme is described which increases system throughput and decreases call setup time. When a user at a portable unit (301) desires to access the network, the portable unit scans (308, 309) the downlink frequencies associated with each of the ports in the system. For each port, the portable measures signal quality (310) and determines from the received bit patterns (313) whether the port has an idle time-slot. The highest signal quality measure for a port having an idle time-slot is determined (315) and the call is routed through that port if that highest signal quality measure exceeds (317) a predetermined quality measure threshold. Otherwise, the call is blocked.

Abstract: A process for fairly allocating resources in a multiport packet switch is disclosed. Each port is connected to a station and comprises a transmit FIFO buffer and a receive FIFO buffer. The ports are connected by a broadcast transmission medium. A transmit buffer of a specific port gains access to the transmission medium when the port possesses a token which is passed from port to port in a round-robin fashion. When a port recognizes that a transmitted packet is addressed to it, the port uses a local processor to determine whether or not to accept the packet. The determination is based on (1) information in the packet header, e.g., priority and address of the transmitting port, (2) the status of the receive buffer (full or not), and (3) other locally recorded information regarding past history of the acceptance or rejection of packets from particular ports and of particular priority classes needed to achieve fairness among packets of the same class and priority among different classes. If the receiving port makes a determination to reject a packet, the receiving port issues a busy signal which is transmitted over the broadcast medium. When the transmitting port receives the busy signal, it aborts transmission of the packet and releases the token. If the receiving port decides to accept the packet, the packet is written into the receive buffer of the receiving port.

Abstract: Growth of the seagrass Heterozostera tasmanica (Martens ex Aschers.) den Hartog in the sandy sediments of Port Phillip Bay, southeastern Australia, IS shown to be limited by nitrogen (but not phosphorus) in the sediment interstit~al water Sediments beneath H. tasrnanica at 5 sites in the bay were enriched in spring (September) with nltrogen (1000 g m-') and phosphorus (20 g P m-2); responses were measured 5 mo later in late summer (February). At 1 site, Rye, nitrogen and phosphorus were added both separately and together in a 2 X 2 factorial design; at the other 4 sites nitrogen and phosphorus were added together. At the Rye site, nitrogen enrichment resulted in an increased concentration of total nitrogen in the roots/rhizomes and leaves of H. tasmanica and in a significant increase in dry weight of leaves (SO%), density of leaf clusters (40%) and canopy height (20°/0). Phosphorus enrichment resulted in an increased concentration of phosphorus in the leaves of H. tasrnanica but no change in leaf dry welght, density of leaf clusters or canopy height. Neither nitrogen nor phosphorus enrichment caused an lncrease in dry weight of epiphytes on seagrass leaves, in dry weight of non-epiphytic macroalgae or In the concentration of chlorophyll in seagrass leaves. At 3 of the 4 other sites, nitrogen plus phosphorus enrichment resulted in an increase in growth of H. tasrnanica. It is suggested that during spring and summer nitrogen limits the growth of H tasmanica throughout most of Port Phillip Bay.

Abstract: A telecommunications system having 1:n group facility protection is disclosed. Two cross-connects are provided, each organized in a distributed fashion, and which have a group of member ports bidirectionally coupled to one another in corresponding fashion via a plurality of paths, such as of the DS-3 data frame type. Each of the cross-connects also include a bidirectional protection port, coupled to the protection port of the other cross-connect by way of a protection path, also preferably of the DS-3 type; the protection port for each cross-connect is assigned to the member port group, and is implemented to be managed by the same distributed interface processing unit as the protected member port group. The cross-connects monitor their member input ports for received facility errors, such as signal failures or excessive failure rates, and request a third-stage bridge from its mate cross-connect in the event of such error. Upon receipt of a good signal at the protection input port, the requesting cross-connect effects a first stage switch, so that the previously failing facility is received over the protection path. Communication of request and acknowledge signals over the protection path is preferably by way of the C-bit and X-bit channels, for DS-3 paths. The switch preferably reverts to the normal condition responsive to the facility becoming valid for a timeout period at the original member port.

Abstract: An intake assembly of the present invention delivers air to a carburetor of an internal combustion engine. The assembly includes a housing mountable on the carburetor and which encloses an air filter. A first port is formed within a wall of the housing to permit fluid communication between the housing and the carburetor. The first port is positioned between the air filter and the carburetor. A second port is formed in a wall of the housing to permit air to enter the housing. The second port is positioned relative to the air filter on a side opposite from the first port. A valve assembly is pivotably mounted within the second port such that the valve assembly is positionable to control an air flow through the second port. Means are provided for controlling the pivoting of the valve assembly.

Abstract: This text is an analysis of the events leading up to the 1989 dock strike, the organization of official and unofficial strikes and the consequences of these events for the transport industry. It also shows the deregulation of port employment in an international context.

Abstract: A device for preventing unauthorized access to female modular telephone jacks. A physical plug has been designed such that when it is inserted into an RJ-11, RJ-14, or RJ-45 modular telephone jack, it locks into place and cannot be removed without the use of a specialized tool. The specialized tool then acts as a key to unlock the plug. Several different pairs of plugs and corresponding tools have been created such that there are different `locks` and `keys`.

Abstract: The usefulness of port simulation models in port management and planning is demonstrated through a model developed for a high‐volume bulk loading terminal in Australia. The model is used to evaluate policies aimed at improving port performance and increasing port throughput. Simulation is also used to define port capacity by developing relationships between throughput and port performance. Maximum possible capacity is obtained by analyzing berth commitment, port empty, and berth availability while maximum queue length, average waiting time, average turnaround time and demurrage charges are used to estimate the operational capacity of the terminal. The model developed in this study is characterized by the inclusion of tidal variations in the channel and their effect on cargo and ship delays. It provides a variety of outputs relating to port performance and cargo‐ and ship‐size distributions. It also incorporates special measures of port efficiency through a reward/penalty system.

Abstract: A data communication system (10) embodying an apparatus and a method provides simultaneous paths between a plurality of transmit ports and a plurality of receive ports (191) for transmitting therebetween data identifying their destination receive ports Such data are signals which are constructed in accordance with a standard serial protocol for frame element communication, such as HDLC (High-level Data Link Control) The system is assembled in a chassis containing a backplane (200) and multiple cards having transmit and receive ports through which the cards couple the backplane (200) The system includes: a receiver of data transmitted (300) by a source transmit port, a recognizer of the destination receive port identified by the received data, a determiner of the availability of the recognized destination receive port, a connector of a path between the source transmit port and the destination receive port in response to a determination that the recognized destination receive port is available, and a transmitter of the received data to the destination receive port through the connected path

Abstract: A calibration circuit includes a plurality of signal sources each of said signal sources having an output port and providing a signal having a known phase and a signal combiner circuit having a plurality of input ports and an output port with each of said input ports being coupled to a corresponding one of said signal source output ports. The calibration circuit further includes a switch having a common port and at least one branch port, said branch port being coupled to said output port of said signal combiner circuit and an analog to digital converter circuit having an input port coupled to the common port and an output port. The calibration circuit further includes a central processing unit coupled to the output port of said analog to digital converter and a summing circuit having a first input port coupled to said central processing unit, a second input port coupled to the output port of said analog to digital converter circuit and an output port.

Abstract: An automatic port capability assignment system for assigning port capabilities to communication ports (20) of a telephonic switching system (10) with a switch (12) controlled by a central processing unit (14) having a memory (15) to interconnect an external network (16) of external telephonic units with interior telephonic units (18) respectively connected with communication ports (20) of the switch (12) and having various communications capabilities. The physical capabilities of an interior telephonic unit (18) connected to a port (20) are determined by a system administration unit (13) assigning a logical device type and a predetermined set of personal capabilities for the individual user. In response to receipt of a sign-in code of an individual user on an interior telephonic unit (18), the automatic port capability assignment system ascertains the personal capabilities permitted for the individual user. Port capabilities are assigned by the control processing unit (14) to communication ports (20) based on the ascertained personal capabilities and the determined physical capabilities of the interior communication unit (20) connected to the port (20).

Abstract: PURPOSE: To flexibly deal with the scale of a network without lowering the high speed of a routing processing by connecting plural communication ports to plural routing accelerator modules coupled to a high-speed bus. CONSTITUTION: A router managing part RM 2 distributes a routing table to routing accelerators RA 3 and based on this routing table, the respective RA 3 executes the passage selection of received packet data (routing processing) and transfer the packet data through a router bus 1 to a RAM 3 connecting the network at the repeating destination under the control. The RA(A) temporarily stores the packet received by a communication port LC(a) under the control in a buffer and executes filtering/routing. As the result, when the destination of the packet exists in the direction of the LC(a), the packet is abandoned and when it is existent at the port LC(b) under the control, the received packet is transferred to the LC(b). When the packet is at the LC(d) under the control of the RA(B), it is transferred from the RA(A) to the RA(B). COPYRIGHT: (C)1993,JPO&Japio

Abstract: This paper reports on a component of a research project on Canadian Dimensions of Waterfront Revitalisation wherein forty five interviews were held in Canadian port cities with port authority representatives, urban planners and developers. Respondents were asked to fill in a questionnaire, and the findings from this questionnaire survey are discussed in this paper. Anticipated contrasts between planning philosophies in different professions were largely but not invariably confirmed.

Abstract: The 1990s will see new and more structured approaches to environmental management as ports. Part of the impetus, in western Europe at least, will be due to the fact that port managers may be personally liable to prosecution as a result of environmental damage. But the new approach has more creditworthy antecedants than this. It stems from a much loftier goal of saving the planet through the introduction of sustainable development and better, more integrated methods of environmental planning and management. This paper attempts to summarize the processes by which port objectives relate to this basic aim. It considers new legislation in Europe and some methodologies that are evolving towards better management. The global aspects are referred to first followed by the port dimensions.