Abstract: A computer output printer is provided with a communications interface having a plurlaity of input ports. Each port can be configured to emulate a different manufacturer's printer, and is provided with a buffer to store print messages while print messages from another port are being printed.

Abstract: This paper first presents arguments for having public sector port authorities. They can deal, flexibly and permanently, with property rights within their own areas. They can plan and regulate port areas comprehensively. They can provide ‘public goods’. They can deal, in various ways, with externalities. They can promote efficiency, whether their own (if they operate as a comprehensive port) or that of the private sector (if they are largely landlords). For example, if their policy is to rely on the private sector to produce efficiency through competition then they can see to it that there actually is competition and not any kind of cartel or monopoly. Examples are cited where this last function has not been performed. The exception for single-user ports is noted. Against them are the general disadvantages of public authorities (or bureaucracies)—though examples are cited where port authorities had very small staffs. The common instances of ‘market failure’ may thus be contrasted with those of ‘government ...

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for cleaning a horizontal drain (10) adapted for being disposed at the end of two concentric pipe columns (14, 16). This device includes a body (20) provided with at least one cleaning fluid outlet port (38) and with at least one return port (30) for the fluid loaded with particles. The outlet ports are directed towards the wall of the drain and located at a predetermined distance from the return ports. The invention further relates to an installation for the cleaning of horizontal drains and to a method for implementing the installation.

Abstract: The documents calendared in this volume consist of Petty Custom recordings of general imports and exports (other than wine, wool and hides) by alien merchants, and of cloth exports by alien and denizen merchants, in the port of London from Michaelmas 1480 to Michaelmas 1481; together with less detailed accounts for wool, wine and other commodities. Petty Custom accounts were kept by royal officials in each customs port, who recorded each ship entering or leaving, the merchant in whose name goods were shipped and each item of customable cargo.

Abstract: This paper discusses the strategies which might be adopted by port authorities, given that modern port technologies have considerably limited the scope for competition. It therefore analyses the several forms of competition relevant to ports, any or all of which may apply in any given instance. It describes the 'minimalist strategy, which consists of recognizing that public sector bodies have many faults, may make many mistakes and that well-intentioned attempts to rectify faults in the private sector may make matters worse. Second, it describes the ‘pragmatic’ strategy, which involves establishing committees to examine problems and to recommend actions, if they can reach a consensus. Third, it describes the ‘public sector’ strategy, which involves the port authority taking over all port functions. Finally, it describes the ‘competitive’ strategy, which involves a careful reproduction of the circumstances of competition, even though there may be room for only one efficiently-sized operator at a time. Fran...

Abstract: The cruise ship industry is currently undergoing a period of rapid expansion. New cruise capacity threatens to produce overtonnaging, with future berths exceeding demand. Despite this development, cruise operators are confident that a growing North American market will be able to satisfy the equilibrium condition sought by vessel operators. This research explores where the new tonnage might be deployed and its eventual impact on the cruise industry. Geographic concepts are utilized to test and support the premise that geography contributes positively to the cruise port selection process. Itineraries, influenced by ‘site’ and ‘situation,’ are presently still the most important factor affecting cruise port selection.

Abstract: The amount of general cargo that is transported through public wharves in a port is not necessarily constant for a certain period of time; it will change depending on the relative location of the port to other ports in a country. In this paper, a method to determine the optimum allocation and size of ports in a country is proposed from a national economic point of view. The total cost spent in transporting general cargo consists of two kinds of costs; i.e., the total inland transportation cost and the total port cost. The former cost is a linear function of the amount of cargo transpoted; while the latter cost is a nonlinear function and is not easy to treat. Consequently, the total port cost is approximated by a piecewise linear function. Thus, the application of the separable programming technique to this type of allocation problem has proved successful. The optimum berth planning of ports in a country can be executed efficiently and easily with the aid of the procedures herein developed.

Abstract: The cost per container movement incurred by a containership per voyage leg on a given route is minimized under various scenarios. The principal conclusions reached from a comparative analysis of the optimal containership sizes are: (1) for a route of a given distance and the same time in port per port call, optimal containership size declines as the number of port calls increase, (2) for a route of a given distance and the same number of port calls, optimal containership size declines as the time in port increases and (3) for the same number of port calls and the same time in port per port call, optimal containership size increases as the distance of the route increases. Rationale for these conclusions are presented.

Abstract: Water is prevented from entering an electric connection box by providing an additional cover with a drain port out of register with drain ports on a normally-provided bottom cover. Baffles between the drain ports on the bottom cover and the drain port on the additional cover provide additional protection.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for coupling external, bidirectional ports to an onboard port of a single chip microprocessor such that the external ports can be addressed in the same manner as onboard ports. Using the disclosed method and apparatus, external ports, which are referred to herein as virtual ports, a single onboard port may be configured that it can be used to address up to twelve virtual ports. The port is used as a multiplexed bus to communicate with the virtual ports. Read (RD) and write (WR) signals are used to perform read and write operations on the virtual ports.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for maximizing column address coherency for serial and parallel port accesses to a dual port frame buffer. Performance of the serial port of the frame buffer is greatly improved by separating the page boundaries in the horizontal direction (i.e., scan line organized), while performance of the parallel port of the frame buffer is enhanced by organizing the page boundaries for rectangular areas of the display. Performance at both ports may be maximized at the same time by organizing the video random access memory (VRAM) into tiles and vertically barrel shifting the scan line data at a fixed interval across the video display. During operation, the serial port output looks like an entire row of data while it has actually output parts of N rows of data from two separate rows of memory chips which are changed at the fixed interval. This approach allows the parallel port to organize columns N times higher in the vertical direction. As a result, the page boundaries are N times as far apart in the vertical direction, thereby improving output performance.

Abstract: A lawn irrigation nozzle having a cylindrical body with a vertically disposed axis with two discharge ports on opposite sides of the body adapted to produce a horizontal spray from each discharge port, a manually rotatable disc adjacent each discharge port adapted to throttle the amount of water flowing outwardly from the discharge port, an inlet port at the bottom of the body, a threaded portion adjacent the inlet port for attaching the nozzle to an irrigation pipe, and a central axial threaded shaft means with a valve plug attached thereto and adapted to open or close the inlet port.

Abstract: (1990). The Origins of Urban Segregation: Local Government and the Residence of Africans in Port Elizabeth, c.1835–1865. South African Historical Journal: Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 61-81.

Abstract: Railways 1830-1870 - the formative years, T.R.Gourvish railways 1870-1914 - the maturity of the private system, P.J.Cain urban transport, T.C.Barker coastal shipping, P.S.Bagwell and J.Armstrong the port, G.Jackson the shipping industry, G.Jackson.

Abstract: A snowmobile has an upper hood having a plurality of air intakes, an engine provided downstream of the air intakes, and an air box having an air cleaner and communicating with an inlet port of the engine. An electronic control unit is disposed in a case which is secured to an upper wall of the air box. A deflector is disposed between the air intakes and the case so as to deflect intake air from the case.

Abstract: As can be seen by the examples given below, design and planning problems related to ship-handling techniques increasingly rely on the use of ship-handling simulators.(i) Design and planning of port and harbour facilities with respect to the layout and dimensions of channels, turning basins, breakwaters, jetties, etc.(ii) Assessment of the ship manoeuvrability required to ensure safety in given port and harbour conditions.(iii) Establishment of proper ship-handling procedures required to ensure safety under given conditions.

Abstract: A security system for a computer (10) having at least one communications port (12) for connection to peripheral devices, includes a card reader (14). A switching means (22) connected to the card reader and connectible to the communications port, is operable to connect the card reader to the communications port in response to a command including protected routines which generate said command to cause the switching means to connect the card reader to the communications port. Suitable software compares data from a card read by the card reader with authorisation data held in the computer, to enable or disable further operation of the protected routine(s).

Abstract: The objective of this paper is to develop a methodology for improving the performance of a port system by reallocating the demand for port services amongst the ports. To achieve this objective a mixed integer programming model that minimizes the total transportation cost is developed. The total transportation cost includes the maritime transportation, the marginal queueing, and the inland transportation costs. The solution of the model gives the optimum quantities of commodities that should be transferred through each port to meet the demand at each inland center. The model was applied to the Ecuadorian port system and it was found that reallocation of the service demand can reduce the total transportation cost by 27%.

Abstract: The newly independent state of Namibia is strategically and economically reliant on the deep-water port of Walvis Bay on its Atlantic coastline. But Walvis Bay is administered by Pretoria, which regards it as part of sovereign South African territory. The question of sovereignty is likely to be the subject of long dispute between the two countries. This article assesses the strategic importance of the Bay and surveys the legal arguments over its title.

Abstract: A problem frequently encountered in ports is the sequencing of waiting ships for berthing to load or unload so that the total demurrage cost incurred is minimized. Here a knowledge-based approach is applied to solve this problem. The constraints of the port and the working rules adopted by the port are expressed as knowledge rules and embedded into the framework of the logic of dock arrangement. With the inference mechanism of a knowledge engineering language OPS5, the best arrangement of the docks can be inferred. Since the operation rules differ from port to port, the problem is confined to the material docks of the China Steel Corporation. A system entitled DOCK is designed to find the best three available alternatives. The idea can be applied and the DOCK system modified for use by other ports.

Abstract: London has undergone many dramatic changes since its foundation in c. AD 50. Work has rec:entlv been concentrated on the collapse of the Roman town of Londinium and the rise of Lundenwic in the 7th century, in a new location around the Aldwych, to the west of the original settlement (Vincx 1984; 1988; 1990; Hobley 1988). This town was spread out along the north hank of the Thames, concentrated along a main road known as The Strand. By the loth century, the unwelcome attentions of Viking raiders forced the Londoners to abandon the exposed site between the River Fleet and Westminster and to re-occupy the more readily defensible site downstream to the east, within the old Koman walls. Remarkably, this major event in the capital's history was only identified as late as 1984. In spite of that momentous change of location, however, the new town functioned in much the same way as the old for the succeeding two centuries or so. In particular, the beachmarket on the Thames waterfront remained the focal point for the town's riverborne trade. This facility was gradually replaced by a new system of exchange introduced by foreign merchants who provided London with a radically different commercial basis by the late 12th or early 13th century. Recent excavations on riverfront sites have augmented the picture of the early medieval port and provided further evidence of the subsequent changes.

Abstract: Gives a first-hand description of the conflict between the Boers and the British, at Port Natal, in 1842. After this, the author travels northwards to the Limpopo; and writes of birds and big game, and of peoples and customs.

Abstract: The method for the transmission of data or commands, in alternating duplex mode between a first port (2) connected to a first of transmission lines, and a second port (3) connected to a second pair of transmission lines, comprises: a step (A) of detection and processing of data at the input of either of the said ports, then designated as the input port, the other port being designated as the output port, followed by a step (B) of blocking any transmission of possible signals coming from the output port towards the input port, a step (C) of transmission of the said data from the input port to the output port when data are detected at the input of the input port, and in the opposite case followed by a step (D) of blocking the transmission of all possible signals from the input port to the output port, leding to step (A) again. The data presented to any of the said ports are in the form of an amplitude modulation of an alternating carrier signal having a predetermined carrier frequency, and the step (A) of detection and processing comprises a step of identification of the predetermined carrier frequency and a step of extraction of a useful signal representative of the said data to be transmitted.