Abstract: The recent development of intermodal transportation and the relaxation of U.S. transport regulations have encouraged ocean carriers to rationalize their port schedules. Container shipping is therefore believed to concentrate shipping at a few large ports. Port traffic analysis, using the Lorenz Curve and Gini Coefficient, reveals, nevertheless, that the structure of the U.S. port system is actually becoming less concentrated. The challenge of secondary ports and changes in the transportation system explain this deconcentration.

Abstract: 1. Introduction 2. The royal port 3. Merchants of the Sultan 4. Port and bazaar 5. Beyond the walls 6. The politics of trade 7. Foreign intervention and domestic reforms 8. The struggle for the Southwest 9. The people of Essaouira in pre-colonial times 10. The end of an era Appendices Notes Bibliography Index.

Abstract: A dual port RAM includes an arbiter (10) which interfaces between a random access memory (12) and two ports, a serial port (19) and a parallel port (21). The arbiter (10) has an internal arbitration byte (38) for storing status information. The arbiter operates in first and second modes. In the first mode, the serial port (19) is afforded priority access to the system with status information stored in the arbitration byte (38). The parallel port (21) polls the arbitration byte (38) to determine the system status. In the second mode, the first port to attempt access is provided priority and this information is stored in the arbitration byte (38). In this mode, each port attempting access must poll the arbitration byte (38) before attempting access.

Abstract: A mail survey was sent to 236 worldwide ports for the purposeof investigating important factors in port selection as well as the influence of fifteen contemporary issues on international trade and port operations. Aggregate results indicate that "basic" service aspects, such as equipment availability and loss and damage record, are most important for choosing a port. In addition, the ability to handle large shipments, a proxy for port capacity, also emerges as a key port evaluation factor. This variable may assume even greater importance in the coming years as load centering-limiting operations to one port in a particular geographic area-becomes more prevalent.

Abstract: A three port memory device has two serial ports and a random access memory port. The random access memory port is addressed to a random access memory in a conventional manner, using RAS and CAS address signals. Data may also be supplied and retrieved through two serial ports to a pair of serial access memories for transfer between the serial ports and the random access memory. This configuration permits formatted data to be simultaneously assessed through the two serial ports, while the random access memory port is being accessed.

Abstract: A scroll compressor is provided with a two groups of commmunication ports formed in and extending through an end plate of a stationary scroll member. Each group includes two or more communication ports. A lead valve is associated with each of the two groups of communication ports and is operable by a pressure differential in between an associated compression chamber and the discharge chamber to communicate the communication ports of the group to the discharge chamber to prevent the occurrence of over-compression in the compression chamber.

Abstract: An arbitration circuit (10) is provided for selecting between a serial port (19) and a parallel port (21) for interface with a system port (17) having a system data bus (14) and a system address bus (16). A RAM (12) is supported by the buses (14) and (16). The arbiter (10) is operable to store a count value in an arbitration byte (38) which is addressable by the parallel port (21). The serial port (19) is operable to transfer data through a serial/parallel converter (30) to the system data bus (14) and system address bus (16) during a serial port access window. The parallel port (21) is allowed to access the system data bus and address bus at all other times. A count value indicating the duration of time before occurrence of the access window is stored in the arbitration byte (38) and is accessible by the parallel port and a parallel CPU (24) to determine when address and data information can be transmitted to the arbiter (10) for transfer to RAM (12). This provides an interleaved operation whereby the parallel port (21) can access the system during collection of data in the serial/parallel converter (30).

Abstract: This paper attempts to provide general guidelines for conducting a port' economic impact analysis. In so doing, a methodology is proposed to organize efficiency the search for port-related industries and to determine the degree of their dependence on a port. this methodology is applied to the port of Hampton Roads. In addition, some constraints in predicting the changes in the economic impact of a port attribute to changes in the volume cargo are identified.

Abstract: A multi-port (multiplexed) modem for implementing automatic reconfiguration of the ports so that transmission bandwidth can be optimized. The modem utilizes a sequence of communications and acknowledgments transmitted over the donor port donating the bandwidth and the recipient port receiving the bandwidth. This allows reconfiguration of the modem ports without need for interruption of the unaffected ports and requires no secondary channel to implement. Only the port going idle and the port receiving the bandwidth are affected so that communication channel throughput is maximized and unaffected ports are not interrupted.

Abstract: The merchant who arrives in a locality unknown to him must also carefully arrange in advance to secure a reliable representative, a safe lodging house, and whatever besides is necessary, so that he is not taken in by a slow payer or by a cheat.

Abstract: Export Processing Zones (EPZs), variously styled as free port zones, duty-free zones and free economic zones, are not a new phenomenon. The Rotterdam and Hamburg free port zones, for instance, date back to the latter half of the nineteenth century. Currently there are more than four hundred free port zones of differing description in various parts of the world, including the USA and the UK. Although they are a comparatively recent phenomenon in developing countries, they have steadily increased in number from seven at the end of 1970 to more than one hundred by the end of 1984. This chapter reviews the theory relating to EPZs and the available evidence on their benefits and costs to developing countries.

Abstract: A purge system for the fuel injection system of a turbine engine is simplified by utilizing a system including first and second three-way valves 42, 44, each having an inlet port 46, an outlet port 48, and an inlet-outlet port 50 together with a movable valve element 52 which can alternately connect the inlet-outlet port 50 to the associated inlet port 46 or associated outlet port 48. A purge line 66 is connected to the outlet port 48 of each of the valves 42, 44 and extends into an exhaust conduit 20 of a turbine engine. A first line 60 is connected to the inlet-outlet port 50 of a first of the valves 42 and is connected to a start injector 30. A second line 63 is connected to the inlet-outlet port 50 of the other valve 48 and is adapted to be connected to at least one main injector 26. Separate conduits 62, 64 connected to respective ones of the inlet ports 46 are connected to respective controlled sources 36, 38, 40 of fuel under pressure.

Abstract: In the crankcase scavenging system of a two-stroke internal combustion engine, there is provided a transfer port (9) which is connected to a transfer slot (10) via a bend (12) in this port and into which leads a port (11) for a scavenging receiver. To prevent deterioration of the flow conditions in the transfer port (9) as a result of the port (11) for the scavenging receiver opening into this transfer port, the port (11) for the scavenging receiver is connected to the transfer port (9) on the inner side of the port bend (9) immediately before the transfer slot (10).

Abstract: A device for automatically transferring a piercing pin from the port of one medical liquid container to the port of another medical liquid container. The ports are mounted to the device in opposing relationship. The piercing pin is inverted at an intermediate position between the ports.

Abstract: An emulator circuit utilizes an Intel 8031 microprocessor with external address and data buses to emulate an Intel 8051 single chip microcomputer with no external buses by providing external registers into which the contents of the internal 8031 "Port 0" and "Port 2" registers are output and functionally "recreated". The external access (EA) lead is toggled to make the 8031 function as an 8051 during the states in which the 8051 samples its logic levels and destroys port 0 latches if configured as an 8031. Toggling the EA lead to a high level causes outputting the contents of the Port 0 and Port 2 latches to their respective leads. The emulator circuit generates a "Force Ports" pulse that causes the "recreated" port registers or the external circuitry to "force" external logic levels onto the 8031 Port 0 and Port 2 leads. The address latch enable (ALE) signal is delayed until after the Force Ports signal lapses to allow the internal Port 0 logic to generate address outputs on its leads as part of the external address bus.

Abstract: Public Port Authorities engage in a multimedia of activities under the guise of economic development that may be only marginally linked to the disposition of frieght or passengers. The mix of economic functions is determined as a result of shifts in marine cargo throughput, competition for shorefront land with other non-water-dependent users, the level of power and control wielded by Port personnel, and the legal mandate granted to the Port Authority. These non-marine functions often play an important role both for the Port itself and for the port community, regardless of the size of the port.

Abstract: Proceedings of a 1986 symposium at Haifa with papers considering the effects of coastal changes on settlement, and particularly harbour and port installations around the Mediterranean.

Abstract: The term Integrated Automated Terminal (IAT) is a proprietary term coined in 1986 to describe a new generation of multi-purpose intermodal transshipment facilities that combine materials handling devices and robotics with advanced computer communications and control technology. The concept for the IAT was developed from a perceived need in the transportation industry to improve transshipment productivity and to reduce excessive capital investment in containers, transportation equipment, and port facilities. IATs seek out selected markets and correct their transshipment inefficiencies. The Matsystem, an example of an IAT-type application, is designed to handle up to 60 moves per hour and features a container conveyor device that continuously feeds the container crane so that the yard gantry crane can function independently. The Matsystem complex in Los Angeles in designed to handle 2,400 gate transactions a day. The first green field IAT design in the U.S. will combine U.S. and European technology and will involve the application of advanced conveyor technology. There are other applications for IAT technology under study which will focus on specific markets. IAT systems will appeal to private investors. Public port authorities are another source of capital for IAT construction. New IAT development and emerging market niches that attract purpose-designed facilities will increase the difficulty of long-range port planning. Future port strategies will include facilities that specialize in: load center container ports; specialized container ports; market niche breakbulk/neobulk ports; and multi-use industrial ports.

Abstract: Even if market shares of individual ports keep changing every year, structural change in a given port system is generally a slow process. To measure and explain it, tolls such as concentration and specialization indexes, both elementary and generalized, should be used in a temporal prospect.

Abstract: This report is written for use by port managements and other persons involved in the evaluation of port tariffs. Its purpose is to determine the current procedures that ports use in preparing their tariffs and to suggest an approach for improving these procedures. This approach would go beyond establishing a new port accounting system and new tariff. It would consider techniques for strengthening the tariff review capabilities of port management. The general conclusion of the report is that there is no single method for preparing port tariffs. The procedures vary depending on the objectives of the port and the nation, the pricing strategies adopted to achieve these objectives, and the capabilities of the port management to analyze and control the costs and performance of port operations.