Abstract: This paper provides an interpretation of a port-routeing pattern of short-sea shipping services which has emerged in recent years. After basic definition. a macro theory of port routeing is presented together with an examination of the business environment of operation. Greater refinement is subsequently added with reference to the behavioural characteristics displayed by a number of individual ship operating companies in port routeing as revealed by a series of in-depth interviews. Specific illustration is provided by the Great Britian-Frances market and the paper concludes by suggesting some factors to influence the development of the future port-routeing pattern.

Abstract: Seaport competition is very much talked about, but seldom is it thought about deeply. There is hardly any literature on the subject. It is usually referred to in rather general terms such as ‘the ’ competitive position of port X, ‘the ’ competition between port X and Y and ‘the ’ competition in port Y. In this article the author points out that seaport competition has a complex nature and that, because of this complexity, it is inappropriate to speak of ‘the ’ competition. Great care and clarity are necessary to identify and classify this competition. Special attention is paid to the role of public authorities in port administration and management, and the policies pursued by them in Western European countries in relation to port competition. Also, the thoughts of the Parliament of the European Community with regard to a common seaport policy are briefly outlined.

Abstract: A 484-sector Massachusetts static input-output (MIO) model is conjoined with the Massachusetts Economic Policy Analysis (MEPA) model which includes supply relationships, industrial location responses to changing costs, and a production function allowing substitution among inputs. This makes it possible to draw upon the distinctive features of both models. The technique is demonstrated by a study that analyzes the effect on the Massachusetts economy of the expansion of a container port facility at Boston. The approach presented here has general applicability to policy analysis and planning studies that require both the detailed regional interindustry interactions captured by a disaggregated input-output model and the cost, price, supply, location, and demand interdependencies which are endogenous in the best regional forecasting and policy simulation models.

Abstract: In a local communication network, stations can be attached via extension lines and individual ports in distribution panels to the main transmission ring (11). Each port has a physical address or local identification key. Means are provided for inserting the local key of a port into a station when it is plugged into the extension lines. Each station comprises units (33, 45) for generating a key demand signal and an idling signal pattern which are transmitted to the port, and a key register (47) for recording the key when it is received. Each port includes a read-only store and timing unit (41) which furnishes the local key in response to the received idling pattern which is converted to a clock signal. A switch (37) in the port is activated by a switch control unit (35) to insert the read-only store and timing unit into a wrap-around loop interconnecting input and output paths of the station.

Abstract: Models of port development have hitherto concentrated on landward communications and the organization of maritime space in their explanation of changes in port location and activity. This study dem ...

Abstract: The classical association of ports with industry needs revising. Traditionally, industry in the port area was concerned with the port operation itself, with ships, and with the cargoes transported by the ships. In recent years, as a result of technological changes, land use in the central water-front has tended to switch into residential, recreational, commercial and institutional uses, while new industries have been attracted to the adjacent old port-areas. These new industries have an entirely different role, being much more closely tied to the function of the city itself. They include: industry oriented to serving the local urban market; noxious industry; and labour-oriented industry. Many port-related industries are now located downriver or at deep-water greenfield locations where extensive sites are available. The illustration of these changes is presented with a case study of Toronto and the example of some major Canadian port cities.

Abstract: The study used a ship's bridge simulator to investigate safety of navigation, the effect of navigation displays, and the effect of bridge personnel organization during low visibility approaches of a VLCC to a deepwater port complex. Experienced VLCC masters and mates, some team trained and team organized, performed over 90 simulated approaches to the Louisiana Offshore Oil Port (LOOP) using either radar, radar with added racons in the area an automatic radar plotting aid (ARPA), or an ARPA displaying fairway boundary lines. Three scenarios were examined: a landfall approach, coastwise approach, approach to pick up the mooring master, and a dead reckoning approach with degraded position information. Strategies which were chosen by the masters in their approaches are described in light of their effect on deepwater port safety. Conclusions derived from descriptive and statistical evidence of performance led to recommendations for relocating the mooring master pickup point, providing an anchorage for use by masters, and the placement and implementation of racons within the deepwater port area. Other recommendations advocate the use of special bridge procedures and navigation systems during port approaches, and further research into the effect of traffic separation or advisory schemes on deepwater port safety. Findings suggest that while approaches of VLCCs to an offshore deepwater port under conditions similar to those simulated are not deceptively difficult or inherently unsafe, there are opportunities to mitigate the potential for hazardous navigation and shiphandling problems. (Author)

Abstract: PURPOSE:To decrease the number of I/Os to the computer, by allotting 1 or several bits of the specified port of the I/O to the input use of the decision signal which decides the type of the input/output device and then executing the program exclusive for input/output in accordance with the decision signal CONSTITUTION:The I/O port (input/output element) 5 is provided to secure a connection between the CPU, RAM and ROM of the microcomputer 1 and the input/output device 6 The port 5 is formed with the output port 5a, input port 5b and control port 5c of 8 bits each; and the input port 6a, output port 6b and control port 6c are provided to the input/output device 6 opposite to the port 5 Then the 8 bits of the port 5c of the port 5 are allotted to the input use of the control signal which decides the type of the device 6 Thus the program supplied to or delivered from the port 5b or port 5a can be executed in accordance with the control signal In this way, the number of the ports 5 can be reduced

Abstract: A multiple flow and direction control valve connectable to a plurality of separate fluid sources, the valve having a fluid power port and a fluid exhaust port and a first movable valve body being operable to add or subtract the flow rates of a plurality of fluid sources to either the power port or the exhaust port. The valve has a directional control member having two power ports and one exhaust port and being operable in a first position to apply power fluid to one of the power ports, exhaust fluid being returned through the second power port and routed out of the exhaust port and in a second position said power fluid being routed to the other power port and returned through the first power port to the exhaust port. The valve includes modified directional control members which may be stacked to sequentially provide directional control for a plurality of outputs. Both the multiple flow selection portion and the directional control portion provide for a constant fluid flow rate through the valve to either a power port or an exhaust port.

Abstract: An electronic hybrid having a two-wire port adapted to be connected to a two-wire line and separate unidirectional receive and transmit ports, means for coupling signals received at said two-wire port to said transmit port, and a circuit for converting single-end signals imposed on the receive port into differential signals for application to the two-wire port.

Abstract: This paper examines the impact the changing maritime technology has had on the structure and development of the UK port transport industry. In particular, it describes the major institutional changes that have occured in response to technological and other developments and the influence these have had on the cost structure of individual stevedoring operators. Finally, it describes the resultant pricing policies adopted by stevedores and concludes that these have been exacerbated by the failure of successive governments to adopt sound and consistent policies towards the industry.

Abstract: A multiple flow and direction control valve connectable to a plurality of separate fluid sources, the valve having a fluid power port and a fluid exhaust port and a first movable valve body being operable to add or subtract the flow rates of a plurality of fluid sources to either the power port or the exhaust port. The valve has a directional control member having two power ports and one exhaust port and being operable in a first position to apply power fluid to one of the power ports, exhaust fluid being returned through the second power port and routed out of the exhaust port and in a second position said power fluid being routed to the other power port and returned through the first power port to the exhaust port. The valve includes modified directional control members which may be stacked to sequentially provide directional control for a plurality of outputs. Both the multiple flow selection portion and the directional control portion provide for a constant fluid flow rate through the valve to either a power port or an exhaust port.