Showing papers on "Port (computer networking) published in 1979"
Book•
21 Jun 1979
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the economics of ports in developing countries, including marginal cost, economies of scale, congestion levies and surcharges, port prices, strategic pricing, competition among ports, and multipart tariffs.
Abstract: During the last two decades there have been dramatic changes in the technology of shipping and in the associated technologies of ports. Substantial capital expenditures on vessels have been accompanied by large investments in ports. Unlike ocean shipping, the ports of developing countries are usually owned by governments; thus the cost of these large investments is part of government development programs. The surpluses or deficits of port authorities become part of the government's budget, and the financial health of a port is a matter for general concern. The main instrument by which port authorities can cover their costs is the system of port tariffs, and port tariffs have important effects in encouraging or discouraging the use of port services. The origins of this study lie in the widespread dissatisfaction with the economics of ports in developing countries. The study includes discussions of: 1) ports and ships; 2) marginal cost; 3) economies of scale; 4) congestion levies and surcharges; 5) port prices and the national interest; 6) strategic pricing; 7) competition among ports; and 8) multipart tariffs.
105 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a simple economic model of how an optimal pricing policy may be arrived at, employing an adaptation of an interactive supply-demand framework initially developed in the context of allocating car-parking places in urban areas.
Abstract: This short paper is concerned with the problem of improving the methods currently used to price port facilities. It presents a simple economic model of how an optimal pricing policy may be arrived at, employing an adaptation of an interactive supply-demand framework initially developed in the context of allocating car-parking places in urban areas. The model demonstrates the basic economic tenet that charges should be set equal to the full marginal social opportunity cost (M.S.O.C.) of facilities used, with premiums added where capacity restrictions would otherwise lead to excessive queueing. The use of a probability demand curve shows that one of the main fears of the anti-pricing school, namely excessive resource misallocation due to miscalcuations of the marginal cost, tends to be exaggerated. Further, it is argued that many of the other arguments set out against marginal cost pricing of ports are either ill-founded or unlikely to be of practical importance—ports are little different to other goods and...
40 citations
26 citations
1 Jan 1979
26 citations
26 citations
TL;DR: In 1973 and again in 1975, the town of Port Alice on Northern Vancouver Island was damaged by debris flows from the steep mountain slopes behind the town as mentioned in this paper, triggered by heavy rains.
Abstract: In 1973 and again in 1975 the town of Port Alice on Northern Vancouver Island was damaged by debris flows from the steep mountain slopes behind the town. The flows were triggered during heavy rains...
25 citations
Patent•
Alza1
TL;DR: In this article, a patient care apparatus housing a device for controlling the presence of pathogens is described, which consists of a container with an inlet port and a device in the apparatus for controlling presence of the pathogens.
Abstract: A patient-care apparatus housing a device for controlling the presence of pathogens is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a container with an inlet port and a device in the apparatus for controlling the presence of pathogens.
21 citations
Book•
1 Dec 1979
17 citations
Patent•
23 Apr 1979
TL;DR: In this paper, a valve is provided having multiple vertically spaced inlet ports, and having a port selection mechanism for connecting to the outlet selected inlets corresponding to predetermined reserve levels.
Abstract: A valve is provided having multiple vertically spaced inlet ports, and having a port selection mechanism for connecting to the outlet selected inlets corresponding to predetermined reserve levels.
13 citations
Patent•
22 Jun 1979
TL;DR: In this paper, a means adapted to receive a supply of compressed air and discharge the compressed air therefrom in a regulated manner via a selected port therein, control means within the means, for use in diverting the flow of the supply of a compressed air within a means to thereby divert the air from the selected port to a further port in the means.
Abstract: Means adapted to receive a supply of compressed air and discharge the compressed air therefrom in a regulated manner via a selected port therein, control means within the means, for use in diverting the flow of the supply of compressed air within the means to thereby divert the air from the selected port to a further port in the means, whereby at least a partial vacuum condition is created in the selected port, allowing the ingress of air therethrough from without the means, the ingressed air mixing with the diverted air so as to be discharged through the further port.
Patent•
11 Sep 1979
TL;DR: In this paper, a telephone switching system for telephone lines in a telephone network that carries voice and associated supervisory information signals is described, where voice signals are received through one of a plurality of ports under the control of a port event processor and are transferred through a switching arrangement.
Abstract: A telephone switching system for telephone lines in a telephone network that carry voice and associated supervisory information signals. The voice signals are received through one of a plurality of ports under the control of a port event processor and are transferred through a switching arrangement, under the control of a call processor, and transmitted through a port again under the control of the port event processor. The received supervisory information is stored in a port data store memory, which also stores call state and command information. The port event processor retrieves the stored supervisory information and commands from the port data store memory, and processes the supervisory information in response to the commands in at least two functional units, and returns processed information for storage in the port data store memory.
Patent•
9 Jan 1979
TL;DR: In this article, a directional control valve for compressed air with an inlet port, at least one consumer port and one vent port includes a housing accommodating a control piston for controlling the connection between the inlet ports, the consumer ports and the vent port, and a one-way restrictor arrangement.
Abstract: A directional control valve for compressed air with an inlet port, at least one consumer port and at least one vent port includes a housing accommodating a control piston for controlling the connection between the inlet port, the consumer port and the vent port, and a one-way restrictor arrangement. The one-way restrictor arrangement is fitted directly within the housing between the vent port and the consumer port, transversely to the longitudinal axis of the control piston. In this manner, a flow of compressed air to the consumer is prevented upon occurrence of a dynamic pressure.
Dissertation•
1 Jan 1979
1 Jun 1979
TL;DR: In this paper, the wave characteristics off the Paradip Coast have been studied from the IMD data and the frequency distribution of waves from different directions during an year has been found to be closely related to the frequency distributions of surface wind directions off Paradip coast.
Abstract: Wave characteristics off the Paradip Coast have boon studied from the IMD data. Predominant directions of the waves (frequencies> 10%) are SW, SSW, S, Nand NE with frequencies in decreasing order. Large number of waves posses wave heights < 1.25 m and periods < 7 sec. On about 4 % of days in an year waves with heights ranging from 3.75 to 4.75 m and periods> 17sec prevail which coincides with the time severe stormy weather (wind speeds> 62.5 km/hr) occurs in the Bay of Bengal. Frequency distribution of waves from different directions during an year has been found to be closely related to the frequency distribution of surface wind directions off Paradip Coast.
Patent•
4 Oct 1979
TL;DR: In this paper, a valve body is split into two parts (26, 33) which can move independently in the axial direction, and the two parts are interconnected by a spring.
Abstract: A shaft (25) drives a valve body (33) in its axial direction. The body is split into two parts (26, 33) which can move independently in the axial direction. The two parts are interconnected by a spring. The first part (33) of the valve body cooperates with a first port. When the first part closes the first port, a smaller second port remains open. With continued movement of the shaft towards the closed position, the two parts of the body unite and close the second port.
Patent•
20 Nov 1979
TL;DR: In this article, a multiple flow and direction control valve is proposed to add or subtract the flow rates of a plurality of fluid sources to either the power port or the exhaust port.
Abstract: A multiple flow and direction control valve connectable to a plurality of separate fluid sources, the valve having a fluid power port and a fluid exhaust port and a first movable valve body being operable to add or subtract the flow rates of a plurality of fluid sources to either the power port or the exhaust port. The valve has a directional control member having two power ports and one exhaust port and being operable in a first position to apply power fluid to one of the power ports, exhaust fluid being returned through the second power port and routed out of the exhaust port and in a second position said power fluid being routed to the other power port and returned through the first power port to the exhaust port. The valve includes modified directional control members which may be stacked to sequentially provide directional control for a plurality of outputs. Both the multiple flow selection portion and the directional control portion provide for a constant fluid flow rate through the valve to either a power port or an exhaust port.
Patent•
18 Dec 1979TL;DR: In this article, an improvement to an automatic document handling machine of the kind having at least one processing station and possibly a guide track to hold and transport documents to the processing station is presented.
Abstract: An improvement to an automatic document handling machine of the kind having at least one processing station and possibly a guide track to hold and transport documents to the processing station. The processing station or the guide track includes an entry port for documents and a unit insertion means for inserting one of said documents into the processing station or the guide track. The insertion means comprising a support means for the document which includes an exit port for documents, a drive means capable of making contact with the document in the said support means to feed the document towards the exit, and an engaging means which is adapted to produce relative movement between support means and the drive means. The insertion means is arranged close to the processing station or the guide track and is positioned in such a way that the document exit port faces the document entry port at least when the said engaging means is operated.
TL;DR: The Westernport Regional Environmental Study (WRS) as mentioned in this paper is a series of geology, physical, chemical and biological studies relating to dynamics, circulation, sediment transport and deposition in Western Port, Victoria, Australia have identified potential problems in the marine and coastal zones.
TL;DR: In this paper, urban planning in the Asia port city of Madras, an overview, 1920−1970, is presented, with an overview of the urban environment in the region.
Abstract: (1979). Urban planning in the Asia port city: Madras, an overview, 1920‐1970. South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies: Vol. 2, No. 1-2, pp. 30-45.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that most of the benefits of public ports are private benefits to shippers and consumers, and that it would appear to be socially desirable for port prices to be increased to the compensatory level and subsidies gradually eliminated.
Abstract: Public ports generally set rates on a basis which fails to cover full costs. Subsidies are common, especially in the form of capital grants or public bond issues. Although many U.S. public ports have formed regional cartels, pricing often appears to be below long-run marginal cost. This practice of suboptimal port pricing may be reinforced by the pricing behaviour of some ocean carriers. Because most of the benefits of public ports are private benefits to shippers and consumers, it would appear to be socially desirable for port prices to be increased to the compensatory level and subsidies gradually eliminated.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors quantify the magnitude of congestion cost associated with the seasonal surge in truck-delivered grain at the Port of Houston, estimate costs of reducing this congestion to alternative levels, and determine the least-cost level of congestion-reducing investment, or, conversely, the optimum level of traffic congestion to maximize efficiency.
Abstract: Agricultural transportation is often characterized by seasonal and cyclical traffic flows that unfavorably affect the logistical efficiency of the marketing system. Congestion problems arise in the truck-to-ship intermodal grain transfer system at the Port of Houston. Seasonal peaks in truck-delivered grain receipts create problems with efficient interfacing of the port elevators grain-receiving capacity and truck arrival patterns. During peak volume periods, the elevators' receiving capacity is inadequate; long truck queues develop and congestion or waiting occurs. Queues of 3-4 miles are common during the peak receipt periods, whereas the facility may be idle for extended periods of off-peak time. The purpose of this article is to (1) quantify the magnitude of congestion cost associated with the seasonal surge in truck-delivered grain at the Port of Houston, (2) estimate costs of reducing this congestion to alternative levels, and (3) determine the least-cost level of congestion-reducing investment, or, conversely, the optimum level of congestion to maximize efficiency.