Abstract: (1970). Elements in Inter-Port Competition in the United States. Economic Geography: Vol. 46, No. 1, pp. 1-24.

Abstract: This chapter is divided into four parts. The first part develops some concepts and a model of port evolution; the second examines the process of port evolution in Nigeria; the third provides a summary of the factors which interplay to structure the pattern of port development in Nigeria; whilst the fourth part briefly considers the planning and applied problems which result from changing patterns of port development.1

Abstract: Environmental management of port and harbour operations is taking on a consistently higher profile as the port sector responds to the challenges of new and evolving legislation aimed specifically at environmental protection. The formation of the European Ports Organisation, the first EU member states' independent port sector representative organisation, has been the catalyst for a series of port based initiatives offering a positive and increasingly proactive response to the environmental imperative. An environmental Code of Practice and several research projects have contributed both to policy development and effective implementation methodology. Port management responses now include a variety of organisational, procedural, operational and technical options. A survey of the status and implementation of environmental management responses in 281 ports from 15 European maritime member states confirmed the diversity of port characteristics, the major issues of concern, the resources and provisions currently applied and the challenges still to be addressed. However laudable the policy statements, targets and objectives, effective management depends on sound science and relevant criteria if compliance is to be confirmed and performances monitored. Regions of the Mediterranean exemplify the opportunities, potential and cautions for a port sector response to environmental protection.

Abstract: A sterile cover for a tubular port of a flexible plastic fluid container consists of a sheath of flexible film material disposed over the tubular port and peelably sealed to the port. The port is exposed for use by peeling the sheath off the port and the sheath is thereafter discarded.

Abstract: Hamburg has had a major transformation at the urban level within the metropolitan region including the increase of people born and immigrants, and to ensure an adequate supply in the market for the growing number of households of one and two peoples and the demand for series of ages between 15 and 30 years that means young people, one must know how to manage public and private budgets. The most important idea is the new concept of urban development in Hamburg which is harnessing the potential of a growing metropolis and so since 2004 where start this forecast, plus the Territorial Vision Hamburg is based on key growth industries city to strengthen its role as an engine of economic dynamics. In Hamburg this development is carried out with a port where there starts all the transformation of assets in the city center. The future space requirements, technical infrastructure and new container terminals and the protection of the environment are a great and costly challenge for the entire city. And specifically beginning of the expansion the "String of Pearls" started in Elbe and Altona. They spent wars and events that the city faced to reach what it is today without neglecting its urban development for the entire benefit of the population.

Abstract: Within the past twenty-five years, Liberia has been transformed from a series of disconnected coastal settlements to what is essentially a politically unified country noticeably throbbing with economic activity and social progress. This change can be attributed primarily to the impact of port and road development, which began toward the end of World War II. In the main, modern port construction and the development of land communications have been by-products of other stimuli, primarily the stationing of United States military forces in the country during the war, and more recently the discovery and development of high-grade iron ore deposits in the Bomi Hills, the Nimba Mountains, the Bong Hills, and along the Mano River. The presence of United States troops led directly to the construction of the deepwater port at Monrovia; iron-ore extraction made its expansion necessary and led to the construction of a more modern facility at Buchanan, 60 miles to the southeast. Recent iron-ore exploration in the Wologisi Range in northwestern Liberia may lead to the building of another iron-ore loading facility at Robertsport, near the Sierra Leone border. Greenville, the third major port in the country, was built with assistance from the German Federal Republic to facilitate the export of bananas and timber; German companies have been active in developing the export potential of both these commodities.

Abstract: The paper proposes advanced modelling techniques for developing simulators for harbour environments; the authors outline the potential from combining traditional simulation models with new techniques such as web-based technologies in supporting design and management of port facilities and maritime services.

Abstract: The 1960s were a decade of rapid change in overseas transport technologies. That decade saw the introduction of container ships, hovercraft, massive tankers and ore carriers, LASH (lighter-aboard-ship) vessels, freightliners, and jumbo jets. Many of these will achieve their full potential in the 1970s. These new transport modes have not only had an effect upon the design of ports but also upon the procedures required to control their development at a national level. Whereas in the past there may have been no technological reason to exercise any national control at all, the current situation makes it unrealistic and inefficient to leave individual ports with power to plan and implement their own major developments. The basic theme of this paper is that the state of the technology for the transport of bulk and general cargoes is such that competition between ports for the business of British exporters and importers will result in higher than necessary overseas total distribution costs. Because inland transport costs and times are so much lower the effective hinterland of each port is much larger than it used to be. However, against this has to be weighed the fact that individual ports now can have the technical capacity to handle in a year a large proportion of British cargo of a given type and on a given trade route. Therefore, as the natural, long term tendency would be for port (and perhaps shipping) monopolies to develop it is in the best interests of the users of port facilities for national control to be exercised over them. In the past the threat of local port monopolies was thwarted by local user representation on port boards; now the likelihood of national monopolies requires control at a national level.

Abstract: Preliminary physical and economic investigations planning layout of fishing harbours improvements to existing minor landing places coastal drift and the uses of hydraulic models structural design - construction and maintenance of harbours construction and layout of market halls market and auction systems unloading and handling and supply facilities vessel servicing facilities the planning of processing and transportation facilities government and industry roles in harbour development capital costs and financial administration harbour administration and control administration and management of port markets.

Abstract: Recent trends in trade liberalisation and globalisation of the world economy have a significant impact on seaborne trade and ports. As a results of these developments, the traditional view on public port management is changing. In the paper recent and anticipated developments in public port management in the Hamburg - Le Havre range are examined. The classification refers mainly to formal aspects and shows a wide variety in public port management. A closer look at the real situation shows differences in port policy even within the same institutional setting. So, the diversity in public port management not only concerns the institutional factors but also the pursued port policy. Additionally, the (future) European sea port policy is described. The purpose of the newly published Green Paper on Sea Ports and Maritime Infrastructure by the European Commission, is launching a wide ranging debate on individual port issues and possible future policies. At the heart of this policy lies the introduction of market principles in infrastructure and the development of a uniform approach to ensuring that the full costs are charged to the users. Ultimately, a situation of free and fair competition must be achieved. The paper shows that a shift towards greater private participation in port activities, in particular those of a commercial nature, is already evident.

Abstract: Explores the waterfronts and thoroughfares of 1950's Manhattan. This book depicts the city as a place of constant motion, which has been translated into a culture of inveterate restlessness.

Abstract: (1970). Port Arthur: The men and the myth. Historical Studies: Vol. 14, No. 55, pp. 406-423.

Abstract: The port of Abidjan is a relative newcomer amongst tropical African seaports, since it was only in 1950 that the wharf at Port Bouet gave way to the deep-water port as a result of the cutting of the Vridi Canal which links Ebrie Lagoon with the open sea. In that year the total cargo traffic handled at the four lighterage wharves of Ivory Coast — Port Bouet, Grand Bassam, Sassandra and Tabou (Fig. 7.1) — reached 608,000 tons. In 1951 the traffic of Abidjan alone amounted to 700,000 tons, and ten years later reached 1,700,000 tons. In 1967 Abidjan handled over 4 million tons of goods. This spectacular growth of traffic, largely unforeseen twenty years ago — the most optimistic estimates suggested a figure of 600,000 to 850,000 tons within ten years of the opening of the new port — has been paralleled by the continuous development of port facilities and is closely linked with the rapid expansion of many forms of economic activity, so that the opening of the port has appeared to be the key to the growing prosperity of the country and one of the secrets of the so-called ‘economic miracle’ of Ivory Coast.

Abstract: The objective of the study was to find the developments giving the least total cost of transporting all the BSC's foreign ore requirements from the loading ports to the user works. The basic method adopted was to split the project into two stages: 1. The first stage to consist of a ‘snapshot view’ of one year in the future, in which a comparison of the transport costs of foreign ore could be made without considering the existing facilities. Limiting the study to the proposed deep‐water ports ensured the identification of the most attractive combinations of port developments for the future and the factors most crucial to the outcome. 2. The second stage to carry out the detailed planning of the investments and operations through time so as to enable the best decisions to be made on each investment. These decisions covered the timing of the developments and the methods of operation associated with them—and so required investigation of the existing ports.

Abstract: Fordham R. C. (1970) The effect of port development upon a major airport at Foulness, Reg. Studies 4, 97–106. Ports and airports share a need for surface access. This paper sets out a preliminary analysis which is intended to indicate whether in the case of Foulness, the only coastal site shortlisted by the Roskill Commission, a general cargo port development would render the site much more attractive for an airport. The factors involved in the transfer of the existing general cargo function of the Port of London to Foulness are detailed and as far as possible quantified. It is concluded that, with considerable reservations, such a transfer would substantially reduce the cost of surface access for a Foulness airport and would at the same time be justified as a port investment. A comprehensive study of this proposal should be made before a decision is taken on the location of the third London airport.